Kitsao & 243 others v Kilifi South East Farmers Co-operative Society Limited

KAZUNGU KALAMA NZARO ......................................................... 9TH PLAINTIFF WINNIE NYADZUA YAWA & 234 OTHERS ................................ 10TH PLAINTIFF AND THE KILIFI SOUTH EAST FARMERS CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY LIMITED .................................................................................................. DEFENDANT RULING I. Introduction 1. The Ruling regards the Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022 before this Honorable Court for hearing and determination. It was brought under a certicate of urgency by Harrison Kazungu Kitsao and Others the Plaintis/Applicants herein. The application was based on the provisions of Order 2 Rule 15 (1) & 51 Rule 1 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 and Sections 1A, 1B, 3A & 63(e) of the Civil Procedure Act (Cap 21) all of the Laws of Kenya. 2. Upon service, the Defendant herein, the Kili South East Farmers Co - Operative Society Limited while opposing the application, led a Replying adavit sworn on 30th March, 2022. The Honourable Court will be dealing with it indepth later on. Its instructive to note that this decision will “Mutatis Mutandis” aect nine (9) other related matters being ELC 222 of 2018; 223 of 2018; 224 of 2018; 225 of 2018; 226 of 2018; 227 of 2018; 228 of 2018; 229 of 2018; 230 of 2018; 231 of 2018; and 233 of 2018 - Kazungu Kitsao & Others – Versus - Kili East Farmers Co-operative Society involving almost the same parties over the same subject matter. II. The Plaintis/Applicant’s Case 3. 4. The Plaintis/Applicants sought for the following orders:a. That this Honourable Court be pleased to strike out with costs the Defendant's/Respondent's Defence by way of Replying adavits sworn and led on 6th July, 2021 and 1st November, 2021 and the same orders be applied in all the other les (consolidated), being ELC Nos.223 to 231 of 2018 (OS) for not disclosing any reasonable defence and/or for being scandalous and/or frivolous and/or vexatious and/or prejudicial and/or embarrassing and/or for being an otherwise abuse of the Court process and meant to delay the fair trial of the suit. b. That upon grant of prayer I, above, the Honourable Court be pleased to Defendant/ Respondent in respect of this matter and the other nine les (suits),aforementioned. c. That costs of this application and the entire suit(s) be borne by the Defendant/Respondent in any event. The Application was premised on the grounds, testimonial facts and averments made out under the contents of the 15th Paragraphed adavit sworn by Harrison Kazungu Kitsao, the 1st Plainti herein on 3rd February, 2022 together with annextures marked as “HKK” annexed thereto. He averred that: i. The Plaintis/ Applicants led this suit and the other nine suits aforementioned against the Defendant/Respondent herein seeking for orders of Land adverse possession as hereunder: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 2

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a. In this le, being ELC No. 222 of 2018 (OS), the Plaintis/Applicants were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 7/Group II/Mavueni (Title (CR)No.LT 16, Folio 112, File 3051). b. In ELC No. 223 of 2018 (OS) the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 8/Group II/Mavueni (Title (CR) No.LT 19, Folio 244,File 3185). c. In ELC No.224 of 2018(OS), the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 9/Group II/Mavueni (Title (CR)No. LT 16,Folio 75,File 3048). d. In ELC No. 225 of 2018 (OS),the Plaintis/Applicants therein are seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 10/Group II/Mavueni (Title(CR) No. LT 16, Folio 87, File 3049). e. In ELC No. 226 of 2018 (OS) the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 23/Group Il/Mavueni (Title (CR)No.LT 16, Folio 183,File 3057). f. In ELC No.227 of 2018 (OS) the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 24/Group II/Mavueni (Title (CR) No. LT 20, Folio 315,File 3232). g. In ELC No.228 of 2018 (OS) the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 26/Group I/Mavueni (Title (CR) No.LT 16, Folio 172, File 3056). h. In ELC No. 229 of 2018 (OS) the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 27/Group I/Mavueni (Title (CR) No.LT 20,Folio 183, File 3221). i. In ELC No. 230 of 2018(OS),the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for land adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 28/Group I/Mavueni(Title (CR) No.LT 20, Folio 231, File 3225). j. In ELC No. 231 of 2018(OS),the Plaintis/Applicants therein were seeking for adverse possession orders in respect of Plot No. 29/Group II/Mavueni (Title (CR) No. LT 20, Folio 207, File 3223). ii. For clarity purposes, hereinafter, the ten (10) suit premises or suit properties herein above mentioned and their respective les shall be referred to as “The Suit Premises” or “The Suit Properties Nos. 1 to 10”, respectively. iii. Upon being served with the said pleadings herein, the Defendant/Respondent led another suit Malindi, being ELC No. 229 of 2018, herein referred to as the Malindi suit, seeking for eviction orders against the Plaintis/Applicants herein in respect of all the 10 suit premises and/or suit properties herein, aforementioned. iv. The Plaintis/Applicants as Defendants thereof led a Statement of Defence in the matter and other pleadings opposing the said suit or claim. v. Following the lling of the aforesaid Defence and other pleadings in the matter, the Plaintis/ Applicants led an application to have the entire suit struck out and/or dismissed for being https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 3

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oensive to the provisions of Section 7 of the Civil Procedure Act as it was Res-Judicata and also time barred under the statutes. vi. The aforementioned application was heard and a Ruling delivered in favour of the Plaintis/ Applicants herein on 29th January, 2021 and of great relevance and/or signicance in this suit (s) were the nding to the eect that the Defendant’s/Respondent’s suit was time – barred under the provision of Section 7 of the Limitation of Action Act, Cap. 22 and further that the suit was “Res – Judicata”, ndings that was made from the Paragraphs 20 to 27 of the said Ruling as hereunder reproduced:“ (20) From the matter placed before me, the Plainti has not denied that if led a suit in the Kili Magistrates Court being Kili the 1st to 5th Defendants for and on behalf of themselves, their kinsmen, relatives, servants and/or agents. (21). While the Plainti purported that the said suit was struck out on a technicality, it is clear from the Court proceedings annexed to the 1st Defendant's Supporting Adavit that the said suit was heard on merit and that Judgment was delivered thereon by the Honourable Mrs. A.M Obura, PM on 19th September 2012. (22). In her said Judgment, the Learned Magistrate determined that the Plaintis had not armed themselves with the requisite authority to institute the suit. It was her further nding that the Plaintis witnesses failed to state conclusively and on a balance of probability which Defendant was living on which portion of the land. The Court noted on that account that there were over 200 people on the 180.1-acre piece of land many of whom had not been included in the suit and declined to make a blanket order against them by dismissing the Plainti's suit. (23). It was therefore clear that the Plainti was being less than candid in its claim that the said suit had been dismissed on a technicality on account of being led in a Court without jurisdiction. (24). From their own prayers herein, it is further clear that even if the amendment to remove the 1st to 5th Defendants was to be allowed, the Plainti considers the remaining Defendants to be their (1st to 5th Defendants) cronies, families and/or licensees. It is also clear that the Plainti considers this Case an eort to correct the errors made in the said Kili SRMCC No.399 of 2007. (25). In their pleadings led in the Kili Case, the Plainti avers at Paragraphs 10, 12 and 13 of their Amended Plaint dated 14th May, 2009 as follows:10. The Defendants are squatters, invaders, trespassers without any under the Registration of Titles Act Cap 281 Laws of Kenya or under any known law from the said suit plots No.7 and 8 and all the said plots and https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 4

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the Plainti has been denied its free use of the suit property. 2004 (sic) invaded and started constructing illegal structures on the suit property and harvesting coconut and mangoes and selling them for their own use. 13. vii. The matter has been reported severally to the Police and Provincial Administration for amicable solution but the Defendants have been adamant and refused for no apparent or justiable cause to vacate the suit plots.” (26). Given the admission by the Plainti that the Defendant have been on the suit property, since the year 2004, it was also clear to me that as at 20th December 2018 when this suit was led, some 14 years had lapsed and the Plainti’s suit was therefore time-of the Laws of Kenya. (27). In the premises I am persuaded that I need not to go into any other issues herein and that there is merit in the Defendant's Notice of Motion dated 4th March 2019. I allow the same and hereby strike out the Plainti's suit with costs.” A reading of the Plaint in the Malindi suit conrmed that the suit premises therein were the same as the ten suit premises and/or suit properties herein as shown hereunder and/or as listed in the Plaint: a. Plot No. Group 11/9 Mavueni LT. Folio 75 File 3048. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.3 in this matter). b. Plot No. Group 11/10 Mavueni LT. 16 Folio 87, File 3049, (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.4 in this matter). c. Group 11/24 Mavueni LT.20 Folio 315 File 3232. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.6 in this matter). d. Group 11/26 Mavueni LT 16 Folio 172 File 3056. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.7 in this matter). e. Group 11/27 Mavueni LT.20 Folio 183 File 3221. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 8 in this matter). f. Group 11/28 Mavueni LT 20 Folio 231 File 3225. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property NNo. 9 in this matter). g. Group11/29 Mavueni LT 20 Folio 207 File 3223. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 10 in this matter). h. Plot No. LT 20 Folio 231/22 File 3225. (This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No.(vi), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.9 in this matter). https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 5

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i. Plot No. LT 20 Folio 207/22 File 3223. (This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No. (vii), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 10 in this matter). j. Plot No.LT 16 Folio 87/11 File 3049. (This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No. (ii), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.4 in this matter). k. Plot No.LT 16 Folio 172/22 File 3056. (This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No.(iv), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 7 in this matter). l. Plot No. LT 16 Folio 122/22 File 3051. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.1 in this matter). m. Plot No. LT 20 Folio 315/10 File 3232. (This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No. (iii), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 6 in this matter). n. Plot No.LT 16 Folio 183/10 File 3057.(This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 5 in this matter). o. Plot No.LT 16 Folio 75/10 File 3048.(This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No. (i), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 3 in this matter). p. Plot No.LT 19 Folio 244/22 File 3185. (This parcel of land is the same as suit premises and/or suit property No. 2 in this matter). q. Plot No.LT 20 Folio 183/20 3221. (This parcel of land is repeated as it is the same as No. (v), above and the same as suit premises and/or suit property No.8 in this matter). viii. Based on the above evidence, it was clear that the suit premises or suit properties herein ten (10) in number as 7 are a repetition, which are Nos. (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xiii), (xv) & (xvii) and further that they form the same subject matter in both the Malindi suit and the current proceedings (consolidated). ix. For the aforementioned reasons, the Defendant/Respondent’s Defence by way of a Replying adavit sworn and led on 6th July, 2021 should be struck out and/or dismissed with costs for not disclosing any reasonable defence and/or for being scandalous and/or frivolous and/or vexatious and/or prejudicial and/or embarrassing and/or for being an otherwise abuse of the Court process and meant to delay the fair trial of the suit. x. Upon striking out and/or dismissal of the Defendant’s/Respondent's aforementioned defence, Judgment be made according in favour of the Plaintis/Applicants in the matters. xi. No prejudice shall be suered by any party if the sought for Orders herein were granted BUT the Plaintis/Applicants shall suer irreparable loss and damage and/or be greatly prejudiced if the orders were denied. xii. For the above said reasons, this application ought to be allowed with costs. III. The responses by the Defendant/Respondent 5. The Defendant/Respondent, through Stephen Rafael, the Chairman of the Management Committee of Kili South East Farmers Co -operative Society Limited led a 4 Paragraphed Replying Adavit dated 30th March, 2022 opposing the application on the following grounds: - https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 6

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a. In response to the Plaintis/Applicants’ said application he relied on the contents of his adavit sworn and led in court on 16th November, 2021. In the a 10 Paragraphed Replying Adavit, the Chairman averred as follows: i. This suit as well as all the related suits namely suits - ELC Numbers 223 to 231 of 2018 Defendant/Respondent did not le a statement of defence as envisaged under Orders 2 Rules 15; 6 and 7 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. The Plaintis/Applicants’ application seeking to strike out the Defendants defence was misplaced, frivolous and incompetent. ii. The Plaintis/Applicants’claim to the suit premises by adverse possession had to be heard and determined on its merits and there was no provision for entry of a default Judgement in the circumstances. iii. The Defendant/Respondent herein had led suit in the Senior Resident Magistrates Court at Kili being Civil Suit No. 339 of 2007 against 5 individuals namely Kahindi Nyafula, Rodgers Zakaria,Chengo Baya, Safari Kii Kadunguni and Amir Ramadhan only. The 5 individuals were not parties to this suit or any of the aforesaid related suits. The suit aforesaid in the Kili Senior Resident Magistrates Court was not a representative suit and nowhere in that suit were the 5 individuals sued for and behalf of their relatives, kinsmen, servants, agents and/or family members. iv. In the aforesaid suit in the Kili Senior Resident Magistrate Court all the witnesses who gave evidence on behalf of the Defendant herein (who was the Plainti in that suit ) stated that the 5 individuals sued in that case had trespassed upon plot number 7 in the year 2007. The evidence of the witness was captured in the proceedings of that case. v. The suit which was led in the Environment Court at Malindi being ELC No. 229 of 2018 was not heard on its merits but was struck out because of the existence of this suit and the other related suits led in this court. The said suit was also struck out because it was oended the doctrine of “Res Judicata” as the 5 individuals who had been sued in the Kili Senior Magistrates court aforesaid had also been sued in the Malindi ELC No.229 of 2018. vi. Furthermore not all the Plaintis in this suit as well as the other related suits that is to say ELCC Nos. 222-231 of 2018 (O.S) were parties to the Malindi ELCC No.229 of 2018. vii. He was convinced that the only way that justice could be served and be seen to have been served in this suit was for the Plaintis to make out a case for land adverse possession and prove their case by evidence in court before the Defendant/Respondent could be deprived of its title to the suit premises. Anything else would be a travesty of justice. IV. Submissions 6. On 4th April. 2022 while all the parties were present in Court, they were directed to have the Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022 be disposed of by way of written submissions and all the parties complied. Pursuant to that all the parties obliged and on 24th October, 2022 a ruling date was reserved on Notice by the Honourable Court accordingly. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 7

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A. The Written Submission Of The Plaintis/ Applicants 7. On 6th June, 2022 through the Law rm of Messrs. Kenga & Company Advocates led written submissions dated 7th June, 2022. Mr. Kenga Advocate commenced the submissions by providing the Court with a brief background of the matter. The Learned Counsel informed Court that the Plaintis/ Applicants herein, alongside the other Plaintis/Applicants in these consolidated suits (ELC Nos. 222 of 2018 to 231 of 2018 (OS) moved this court separately seeking for orders of land adverse possession of the parcels of land as captured in the application and specically under the grounds of the application. The said suits were led on 5th October, 2018 vide Originating summonses of similar date. 8. Upon service of the aforementioned pleadings, the Defendant/Respondent led another suit in Malindi, being ELC No.229 of 2018, seeking for vacant possession and/or eviction of the Plaintis/ Applicants herein from all the parcels of land, forming the subject matter of these consolidated suits (10), being the suit premises in both the Malindi suit and the current proceedings. The aforementioned Malindi suit was thereafter struck out by the Court for being time barred on 29th January, 2021. 9. He asserted that the Plaintis'/Applicants Notice of Motion application dated and led on 3rd February, 2022 and 7th February, 2022 was meritorious and should be allowed with costs. 10. On documentary evidence the Learned Counsel submitted that the Plaintis/Applicants, through the 1st Plainti/Applicant herein swore an adavit in support of the application and attached the following documents:- 11. He attached certied copies of the Plaint and other pleadings in the Malindi suit, being existence of the said suit which captures all the parcels of land mentioned in this suit. Similarly, all the Defendant/ Respondent in the Malindi suit are appearing as Plaintis/Applicants in this suit herein below illustrated: (1) Plainti No. 1 herein is Defendant No. 6 in the Malindi suit. (2) Plainti No.2 herein is Defendant No.7 in the Malindi suit. (3) Plainti No. 14 herein is Defendant No.8 in the Malindi suit. (4) Plainti No.15 herein is Defendant No. 9 in the Malindi suit. (5) Plainti No. 16 herein is Defendant No.10 in the Malindi suit. (6) Plainti No. 17 herein is Defendant No.11 in the Malindi suit. (7) Plainti No.18 herein is Defendant No. 12 in the Malindi suit. (8) Plainti No.22 herein is Defendant No.13 in the Malindi suit. (9) Plainti No. 36 herein is Defendant No.14 in the Malindi suit. (10) Plainti No.39 herein is Defendant No.15 in the Malindi suit. (11) Plainti No.40 herein is Defendant No.16 in the Malindi suit. (12) Plainti No.45 herein is Defendant No.17 in the Malindi suit. (13) Plainti No.46 herein is Defendant No.18 in the Malindi suit. (14) Plainti No.47 herein is Defendant No.19 in the Malindi suit. (15) Plainti No.49 herein is Defendant No.20 in the Malindi suit. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 8

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(16) Plainti No. 50 herein is Defendant No. 21 in the Malindi suit. (17) Plainti No. 52 herein is Defendant No. 22 in the Malindi suit. (18) Plainti No.53 herein is Defendant No.23 in the Malindi suit. (19) Plainti No. 55 herein is Defendant No.24 in the Malindi suit. (20) Plainti No. 58 herein is Defendant No.25 in the Malindi suit. (21) Plainti No. 59 herein is Defendant No. 26 in the Malindi suit. (22) Plainti No. 60 herein is Defendant No.27 in the Malindi suit. (23) Plainti No. 62 herein is Defendant No. 28 in the Malindi suit. (24) Plainti No.63 herein is Defendant No.29 in the Malindi suit. (25) Plainti No.64 herein is Defendant No.30 in the Malindi suit. (26) Plainti No. 66 herein is Defendant No.31 in the Malindi suit. (27) Plainti No. 68 herein is Defendant No.32 in the Malindi suit. (28) Plainti No. 69 herein is Defendant No.33 in the Malindi suit. (29) Plainti No. 71 herein is Defendant No.34 in the Malindi suit. (30) Plainti No.73 herein is Defendant No.35 in the Malindi suit. (31) Plainti No. 77 herein is Defendant No.36 in the Malindi suit. (32) Plainti No.80 herein is Defendant No.37 in the Malindi suit. (33) Plainti No. 82 herein is Defendant No.38 in the Malindi suit. (34) Plainti No. 84 herein is Defendant No.39 in the Malindi suit. (35) Plainti No..85 herein is Defendant No.40 in the Malindi suit. (36) Plainti No.86 herein is Defendant No.41 in the Malindi suit. (37) Plainti No.88 herein is Defendant No. 42 in the Malindi suit. (38) Plainti No.89 herein is Defendant No.43 in the Malindi suit. (39) Plainti No.91 herein is Defendant No.44 in the Malindi suit. (40) Plainti No. 92 herein is Defendant No.45 in the Malindi suit. (41) Plainti No. 94 herein is Defendant No.46 in the Malindi suit. (42) Plainti No. 98 herein is Defendant No.47 in the Malindi suit. (43) Plainti No.99 herein is Defendant No.48 in the Malindi suit. (44) Plainti No. 100 herein is Defendant No.49 in the Malindi suit. (45) Plainti No. 103 herein is Defendant No. 50 in the Malindi suit. (46) Plainti No. 105 herein is Defendant No.51 in the Malindi suit. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 9

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(47) Plainti No.106 herein is Defendant No. 52 in the Malindi suit. (48) Plainti No.108 herein is Defendant No.53 in the Malindi suit. (49) Plainti No. 111 herein is Defendant No.54 in the Malindi suit. (50) Plainti No.112 herein is Defendant No.55 in the Malindi suit. (51) Plainti No.114 herein is Defendant No.56 in the Malindi suit. (52) Plainti No.115 herein is Defendant No.57 in the Malindi suit. (53) Plainti No. 116 herein is Defendant No.58 in the Malindi suit. (54) Plainti No.117 herein is Defendant No 59 in the Malindi suit. (55) Plainti No. 118 herein is Defendant No. 60 in the Malindi suit. (56) Plainti No.121 herein is Defendant No. 61 in the Malindi suit. (57) Plainti No.123 herein is Defendant No.62 in the Malindi suit. (58) Plainti No.124 herein is Defendant No. 63 in the Malindi suit. (59) Plainti No.125 herein is Defendant No.64 in the Malindi suit. (60) Plainti No. 126 herein is Defendant No.65 in the Malindi suit. (61) Plainti N0. 127 herein is Defendant No.66 in the Malindi suit. (62) Plainti No.131 herein is Defendant No.67 in the Malindi suit. (63) Plainti No. 132 herein is Defendant No.68 in the Malindi suit. (64) Plainti No.133 herein is Defendant No.69 in the Malindi suit. (65) Plainti No. 134 herein is Defendant No. 70 in the Malindi suit. (66) Plainti No.135 herein is Defendant No.71 in the Malindi suit. (67) Plainti No. 137 herein is Defendant No. 72 in the Malindi suit. (68) Plainti No. 138 herein is Defendant No.73 in the Malindi suit. (69) Plainti No. 140 herein is Defendant No.74 in the Malindi suit. (70) Plainti No. 141 herein is Defendant No. 75 in the Malindi suit. (71) Plainti No. 142 herein is Defendant No.76 in the Malindi suit. (72) Plainti No.143 herein is Defendant No.77 in the Malindi suit. (73) Plainti No.144 herein is Defendant No.78 in the Malindi suit. (74) Plainti No.145 herein is Defendant No.79 in the Malindi suit. (75) Plainti No.147 herein is Defendant No.80 in the Malindi suit. (76) Plainti No.148 herein is Defendant No.81 in the Malindi sult. (77) Plainti No. 149 herein Is Defendant No.82 in the Malindi suit. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 10

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(78) Plainti No.150 herein is Defendant No.83 in the Malindi sult. (79) Plainti No.151 herein is Defendant No.84 in the Malindi suit. (80) Plainti No. 153 herein is Defendant No.85 in the Malindi suit. (81) Plainti No.155 herein is Defendant No.86 in the Malindi suit. (82) Plainti No.156 herein is Defendant No.87 in the Malindi suit. (83) Plainti No.157 herein is Defendant No. 88 in the Malindi suit. (84) Plainti No.159 herein is Defendant No.89 in the Malindi suit. (85) Plainti No.160 herein is Defendant No. 90 in the Malindi suit. (86) Plainti No.161 herein is Defendant No.91 in the Malindi suit. (87) Plainti No. 162 herein is Defendant No.92 in the Malindi suit. (88) Plainti No. 164 herein is Defendant No. 93 in the Malindi suit. (89) Plainti No.165 herein is Defendant No. 94 in the Malindi suit. (90) Plainti No.167 herein is Defendant No.95 in the Malindi suit. (91) Plainti No.168 herein is Defendant No. 96 in the Malindi suit. (92) Plainti No.169 herein is Defendant No.97 in the Malindi suit. (93) Plainti No. 172 herein is Defendant No. 98 in the Malindi suit. (94) Plainti No.173 herein is Defendant No.99 in the Malindi suit. (95) Plainti No.174 herein is Defendant No.100 in the Malindi suit. (96) Plainti No. 176 herein is Defendant No.101 in the Malindi suit. (97) Plainti No.177 herein is Defendant No.102 in the Malindi suit. (98) Plainti No.180 herein is Defendant No.103 in the Malindi suit. (99) Plainti No.181 herein is Defendant No.104 in the Malindi suit. (100) Plainti No.182 herein is Defendant No.105 in the Malindi suit. (101) Plainti No. 183 herein is Defendant No.106 in the Malindi suit. (102) Plainti No.184 herein is Defendant No.107 in the Malindi suit. (103) Plainti No.186 herein is Defendant No. 108 in the Malindi suit. (104) Plainti No. 188 herein is Defendant No.109 in the Malindi suit. (105) Plainti No. 189 herein is Defendant No.110 in the Malindi suit. (106) Plainti No. 190 herein is Defendant No.111 in the Malindi suit. (107) Plainti No.191 herein is Defendant No. 112 in the Malindi suit. (108) Plainti No. 192 herein is Defendant No.113 in the Malindi suit. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 11

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(109) Plainti No.194 herein is Defendant No.114 in the Malindi suit. (110) Plainti No.195 herein is Defendant No.115 in the Malindi suit. (111) Plainti No.196 herein is Defendant No.116 in the Malindi suit. (112) Plainti No. 198 herein is Defendant No. 117 in the Malindi suit. (113) Plainti No.201 herein is Defendant No. 118 in the Malindi suit. (114) Plainti No.203 herein is Defendant No.119 in the Malindi suit. (115) Plainti No. 205 herein is Defendant No. 120 in the Malindi suit. (116) Plainti No. 206 herein is Defendant No.121 in the Malindi suit. (117) Plainti No.207 herein is Defendant No.122 in the Malindi suit. (118) Plainti No.208 herein is Defendant No.123 in the Malindi suit. (119) Plainti No.209 herein is Defendant No.124 in the Malindi suit. (120) Plainti No.210 herein is Defendant No.125 in the Malindi suit. (121) Plainti No.211 herein is Defendant No.126 in the Malindi suit. (122) Plainti No.214 herein is Defendant No.127 in the Malindi suit. (123) Plainti No.215 herein is Defendant No.128 in the Malindi suit. (124) Plainti No.216 herein is Defendant No. 129 in the Malindi suit. (125) Plainti No. 217 herein is Defendant No.130 in the Malindi suit. (126) Plainti No.218 herein is Defendant No. 131 in the Malindi suit. (127) Plainti No.219 herein is Defendant No. 132 in the Malindi suit. (128) Plainti No.220 herein is Defendant No. 133 in the Malindi suit. (129) Plainti No.221 herein is Defendant No.134 in the Malindi suit. (130) Plainti No. 223 herein is Defendant No.135 in the Malindi suit. (131) Plainti No.226 herein is Defendant No.136 in the Malindi suit. (132) Plainti No. 231 herein is Defendant No. 137 in the Malindi suit. (133) Plainti No. 232 herein is Defendant No. 138 in the Malindi suit. (134) Plainti No.234 herein is Defendant No.139 in the Malindi suit. (135) Plainti No.235 herein is Defendant No.140 in the Malindi suit. (136) Plainti No.237 herein is Defendant No.141 in the Malindi suit. (137) Plainti No.238 herein is Defendant No.142 in the Malindi suit. (138) Plainti No. 241 herein is Defendant No. 143 in the Malindi suit. (139) Plainti No.242 herein is Defendant No.144 in the Malindi suit. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 12

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(140) Plainti No.243 herein is Defendant No.145 in the Malindi suit. 12. The Learned Counsel submitted that the suit premises inn these 10 suits (consolidated) are the same as the suit premises in Malindi Suit (refer to paragraph 3 of the Malindi Plaint, appearing on page 32 of the application, being part of annexture HKK-1. Paragraph 2 of the supporting adavit of the Plaintis/ Applicants herein reproduces the contents of paragraph 3 of the Malindi suit, which also conrmed that the suit premises in both matters are the same. 13. Based on the above, it is clear that the current proceedings involve parties and subject Malindi suit and which was determined on merits on 29th January, 2021 in favour of the Plaintis/Applicants herein and specically on the nding that the Malindi suit was time barred. Further evidence of the existence of the Malindi suit were certied copies of the Plaintis’/Applicants’ statement of Defence and other pleadings produced as annexture as “HKK – 2”, appearing from pages 105 to 113 of the application. Upon the lling of the aforementioned Defence, the Plaintis/Applicants led an application to have the Malindi suit struck out with costs as evidenced vide annexture as “HKK – 3”, appearing from pages 114 to 310 of the application, whose outcome was delivered vide the ruling appearing from pages 311 to 324 of the application, produced as annexture ‘HKK – 4” herein. 14. The Learned Counsel further argued that it should be noted that the existence of the current proceedings was made known to the Malindi Court vide the aforesaid application for striking out of the Malindi suit, which had been produced herein above as annexture “HKK – 3” and that the decision made by the per the nding of the Court, the Defendant/Respondent was declared time barred to bring any action for vacant possession. Similarly, the Defendant/Respondent had no cause of action in terms of a defence against the Plaintis/Applicants herein. 15. The Defendant/Respondent led two Replying Adavits against a similar application led by the Plaintis/Applicants’ herein on 1st November, 2021. The said application, which was dismissed for non-attendance on the part of the Plaintis/Applicants’ Advocates herein on 9th December, 2021 was dated 29th October, 2021 but upon the ling and service of the current application on the Defendant/ Respondent, it led a Replying Adavit through its chairman, one Stephen Rafael Garama adopting the two Replying Adavit herein above mentioned and specically the Replying Adavit of the said chairman sworn and led on 16th November, 2021, being the only response to the current application. 16. According to the Learned Counsel, it should be noted that the two adavits, above mentioned and which were adopted through the aforementioned Response to the current application were sworn by Stephen Rafael Garama and Daniel Runya Gamba, the same persons who led the Malindi suit (refer to pages 35 to 39 of the current application). No appeal was ever led against the Ruling striking out the Malindi suit on 29th January, 2021. The Defendant’s/Respondent’s Defence in form of its Replying adavits, aforementioned was undoubtedly scandalous and/or frivolous and/or vexatious and/or prejudicial and/or embarrassing and/or an otherwise abuse of the Court process and further meant to delay the fair hearing of these proceedings as it does not disclose any reasonable cause of action or defence. 17. Notably, the afore named Daniel Runya Gamba was also the initiator of another previous suit led by the Defendant/Respondent in Kili, being SRMCC No. 399 of 2007 where the Defendant/ Respondent was seeking for vacant and/or eviction orders against the Plaintis/Applicants herein (Refer to the judgment in the said suit and in particular the 2nd paragraph of page 49 of the current application where his name appears as a witness). Upon dismissal of the said suit, which shall herein be referred to as the Kili suit, the Defendant/Respondent led an appeal against the Judgment in form of a Judicial Review in Malindi, being Judicial Review application No.3 of 2013 (herein referred to as https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 13

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the Malindi appeal or Judicial Review application), which was dismissed on 8th May, 2014 (Refer to pages 286 to 289 of the current application). 18. The Learned Counsel urged the Honourable Court to go through the Ruling of the Malindi Court appearing from pages 311 to 324 of the current application so that the Court may appreciate our submissions herein as the ruling aects all parties in the matter. 19. On the law and analysis, the Learned Counsel submitted that the Plaintis/Applicants had moved the Court for striking out of the Defendant’s/Respondent’s Defence led in form of Replying adavits and for entry of Judgement in their favour under Order 2 Rule 15 (1)of the Civil Procedure Rules of 2010. 20. As per the evidence contained in the pleadings herein, it was clear that the Defendant/Respondent has no defence at all against the Plaintis’/Applicants’ consolidated suit(s) and that allowing the Defendant/Respondent to participate in these proceedings would be in violation of the aforesaid provisions. Dierently put, what purpose would the involvement of the Defendant/Respondent serve in these proceedings?. The Learned Counsel posed this question because the Defendant/Respondent would be having no answer regarding questions touching on the ndings of the Malindi Court which categorically and/or specically found out that any claim against the Plaintis/Applicants was and shall remain time barred (refer to pages 311 to 324 of the current application). 21. The Replying Adavits led by the Defendant/Respondent as a Defence to the proceedings herein have the sole purpose of recovering the suit premises, yet Section 7 as read with Section 17 of the Limitation of actions Act(Cap 22), Laws of Kenya barred any proceedings commenced after the expiry of a period of 12 years upon entry onto the suit land(s) by an adverse possessor. The provision of Section 7 of the said Act provides as follows: “ An action may not be brought by any person to recover land after the end of twelve years from the date on which the right of action accrued to him or, if it rst accrued to some person through whom he claims, to that person.” 22. The above position in law is fortied by the provisions of Section 17 of the said Act which states as follows: “ Subject to section 18 of this Act, at the expiration of the period prescribed by this Act for a person to bring an action to recover land (including a redemption action),the title of that person to the land is extinguished.” 23. The Learned further argued that based on the above provisions of law, the Plaintis/Applicants sought for the orders as captured in the current application, which said application is merited and as per the law, it could be led at any stage of the proceedings and since this matter has not commenced for hearing, it would be prudent and/or justiable for the Defendant’s/Respondent’s Defence in form of Replying Adavits to be struck out with costs and Judgment in favour of the Plaintis/Applicants be entered accordingly and more so in view of the fact that directions herein were already taken out. 24. In conclusion, the Learned Counsel urged the Honourable Court to be guided by the applicable provisions of the law, aforementioned, the documentary evidence as captured in the pleadings herein and the many Authorities available in allowing the Plaintis’/Applicants’ Notice of Motion application dated and led on 3rd February, 2022 and 7th February, 2022, respectively with costs. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 14

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B. The Written Submissions Of The Defendant/ Respondent 25. On 24th November, 2022 the Defendant/Respondent through the rm of Messrs. Kamoti Omollo & Company Advocates led their written submission dated 21st November, 2022. Mr. Omollo Advocate commenced the submissions by stating that for consideration was the Plaintis/Applicants’ application dated 3rd February 2022 which sought to strike out with costs the Defendant/Respondent’s defence by way of Replying Adavits sworn and led on 6th July 2021 and 1st November 2021 for not disclosing reasonable defence and/or for being scandalous and/or frivolous and/or vexatious and/or prejudicial and/or embarrassing and/or being otherwise anabuse of the Court process. The application was brought under the provision of Order 2 Rule 15 (1) and was supported by an adavit sworn by one Harrison Kazungu Kitsao. The application was opposed via a Replying Adavit sworn on 30th March 2022 by Stephen Rafael Garama. 26. It was the Learned Counsel’s submission that the Plaintis/Applicants’ application was fatally defective and the provision of Order 2 Rule 15 (2) provides that no evidence shall be admissible on an application under sub rule 1(a). The Plaintis/Applicants’ application was brought under the provision of Order 2 Rule 15(1) without specifying which sub rule of Rule 15(1) the Plaintis/ Applicants intended to invoke. However, the Plaintis/Applicants sought to strike out the defence because it never disclosed a reasonable defence. That brought the application under the ambit of Order 2 Rule 15(1) (a) which could not be supported by adavit evidence. 27. To buttress his point, the Learned Counsel cited the case of: “Mohamed Mohamed Al-Amin & Another – Versus - Mohamed Abdalla Mohamed HCC 757 OF 1995 (unreported)” Onyango Otieno J (as he then was) stated as follows:“ First this application is made inter alia under Order 6 Rule 13 without specifying which sub rule of rule 13 it is brought into the Court. This omission is important because Order 6 Rule 13 (1) (a) is clear that no evidence should be adduced when a party is proceeding under that rule. That means in eect that a party has to choose whether he wants to come to court under Order 6 Rule 13(1) (a) and le no evidence or whether he wants to come to Court under other sub rules and proceed to le Adavits in support of the application. One cannot mix the sub rules in order to avoid being specic.” 28. According to the Learned Counsel, the provision of Order VI Rule 13 that Onyango Otieno J considered in the aforesaid ruling was the current Order 2 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules 2010. In their application the Plaintis/Applicants sought striking out of the defence because it disclosed no reasonable defence and/or for being scandalous and/or frivolous and/or vexatious and/or prejudicial and/or embarrassing and/or being an otherwise abuse of the Court process. The Learned Counsel averred that this kind of pleading was wholly inappropriate. In fact, to him, it was as if the Plaintis/ Applicants did do not know what they sought from the Court. 29. Additionally, the Learned Counsel referred Court to the case of:- “Bernhard Moser – Versus - Sabia Khan & Another HCCC No. 85 of 2019 (unreported)” Njoki Mwangi J while following the decision in “Taj Mall Limited – Versus - Hellen Njambi Mbugua [2015] eKLR” stated as follows; “ I am in consonance with the above position of the law, and I therefore hold that it was inappropriate for the 1st Defendant to le an omnibus application under Order 2 Rule 15 (1)(a)(b) and (d) of the Civil Procedure Rules which gave her application no specicity. An application Rules does not require adavit evidence as per the mandatory provisions of https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 15

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Order 2 Rule 15(2) of the said Rules, whereas an application under Order 2 Rule 15(b) and (d) of the Civil Procedure Rules which she also cited in her application call for evidence.” 30. 31. The Learned Counsel submitted that the Plaintis/Applicants’ application lacked merit. The Plaintis/Applicants herein claimed to be entitled to the Defendant/Respondent’s land known as Plot No. 7 Group II Mavueni by land adverse possession. In the Replying Adavit sworn on 1st November, 2021 by Daniel Runya Ngamba the deponent states that in the year 2007 some 5 persons who were not parties to this suit invaded the Defendant/Respondent's land which prompted the Defendant/ Respondent to le suit against them in the Senior Resident Magistrate’s Court at Kili in case number 399 of 2007. After Judgement was delivered in that case on 19th September 2012 a large number of persons including structures thereon. The deponent had further stated that there were members of the Defendant Society who had been allocated and was in occupation of portions of the suit premises. Finally, the deponent had annexed to his adavit a report by a licensed surveyor which showed that as of 1st January 2011 the Plaintis were not in occupation of any portion of the Defendant/Respondent’s land. These was statements of facts which have to be tested at the trial of the suit. However, they did disclose a reasonable defence as follows:1. As of 1st January 2011 the Plaintis were not in occupation of the suit premises. So the suit for adverse possession led in the year 2018 is premature as the period of 12 years had not elapsed between 1st January 2011 and 5th October 2018 when the suit was led. 2. The Defendant has not been completely dispossessed of the suit premises as portions of the suit premises are being occupied by persons who are members of the Co-operative Society (the Defendant). To buttress his case, the Learned Counsel additionally cited the case of “Gladys Jepkosgei Boss – Versus - Star Publication Limited [2021] eKLR” the Court stated as follows:“ Striking out of pleadings is a drastic remedy that should only be resorted to where a pleading is a complete sham. The Court of Appeal in the case of Blue Shield Insurance Company Ltd – Versus - Joseph Mboya Oguttu [2009] eKLR restated these principles as follows; 29. “The principles guiding the Court when considering such an application which seeks striking out of a pleading is now well settled. Madan J. A. (as he then was) in his judgement in the case of D.T. Dobie and Company (Kenya) Ltd – Versus - Muchina (1982) KLR I disclosed the issue at length and although what was before him was an application under Order 6 Rule 13(1) (a) which was seeking striking out a plaint on grounds that it did not disclose a reasonable cause of action against the defendant. He nonetheless dealt with broad principles which in eect covered all other aspects where striking out a pleading or part of a pleading is sought. It was held in that case inter alia as follows; “The power to strike out should be exercised after the Court has considered all facts, but it must not embark on the merits of the case itself as this is solely reserved for the trial judge. On an application to strike out pleadings, no opinion should be expressed as this would prejudice fair trial and would restrict the freedom of the trial Judge in disposing the case.” 32. The Learned Counsel asserted that the Plaintis had placed heavy reliance on a ruling given by Olola J in Malindi ELC 229 of 2018 in which the Learned Judge stated as follows:- https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 16

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25. In the pleadings led in the Kili Case, the Plainti avers at paragraphs 10,12 and 13 of their Amended Plait dated 14th May 2009 as follows; 10. The Defendants are squatters, invaders, trespassers without any know rights and or interests capable of being registered under the Registration of Titles Act Cap 281 Laws of Kenya or under any known law. 11. The Plainti states that the Defendants have refused to vacate from the said suit plots No. 7 and 8 and all the said plots and the Plainti has been denied its free use of the suit property. 12. The Plainti further states that the Defendants have been since 2004 (sic) invaded and started constructing illegal structures on the suit property and harvesting coconut and mangoes and selling them for their own use. 13. The matter has been reported severally to the Police and Provincial Administration for amicable solution but the Defendants have been adamant and refused for no apparent or justiable course to vacate the suit plots.” 33. According to the Learned Counsel, the admission the Judge was talking about was the admission made in the Kili case. That was to say KILIFI SRMCC NO.399 of 2007 which was between the Defendant/ Respondent herein and Five Defendants. The Defendants in the said Kili case were not parties to this suit but they were parties in the case before Honourable Olola. Therefore the nding by Olola J did not apply to the present case.He stated that every case needed to be heard and determined on its own merits. 34. In conclusion, the Learned Counsel submitted that justice would only be done and seen to be done by hearing the suit and determining it on its own merits. The Learned Counsel urged the Honourable Court to dismiss the Plaintis/Applicants’ application. V. Analysis and Determination 35. I have carefully read and considered the pleadings herein – being the Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022 by the Plaintis/Applicants herein, the responses adduced, the written submissions and the the myriad of authorities cited by the parties herein, the appropriate and relevant provisions of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 and the statures. made by the by the Learned Counsels herein. 36. In order to arrive at an informed decision, the Honorable Court has three (3) framed the following issues for determination. a. Whether the Plaintis/Applicants herein through the Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022 have made out a case for the striking out of the Defendant’s defence by way of Replying Adavits sworn and led on 6th July, 2021 and 1st November, 2021 and the same to apply to all other les consolidated being ELC Nos. 223 to 231 (OS). b. Whether the parties herein are entitled to the reliefs sought herein. c. Who will bear the Costs of Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 17

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Issue No. a). Whether The Plaintis/applicants Herein Through The Notice Of Motion Application Dated 3Rd February, 2022 Have Made Out A Case For The Striking Out Of The Defendant’s Defence By Way Of Replying Adavits Sworn And Filed On 6th July, 2021 And 1st November, 2021 And The Same To Apply To All Other Files Consolidated Being Elc Nos. 223 To 231 (os). 37. Under this Sub title, the main substratum is on striking pleadings for not being in conformity with the provisions of Order 2 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. Indeed, the Notice of Motions application dated 3rd February, 2022 is brought under the provision of Order 2 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. The said provision deals with striking out of pleadings and provides as follows: “ Rule 15. (1) At any stage of the proceedings the court may order to be struck out or amended any pleading on the ground that— 38. 39. (a) It discloses no reasonable cause of action or defence in law; or (b) It is scandalous, frivolous or vexatious; or (c) It may prejudice, embarrass or delay the fair trial of the action; or (d) It is otherwise an abuse of the process of the court, and may order the suit to be stayed or dismissed or judgment to be entered accordingly, as the case may be.” The principles which guide the courts in determining an application for striking out pleadings are well settled. Courts have expended much time on this aspects and hence this Court will not be re – inventing the wheel but to go straight away and cited the said cases. To gin with, iIn the case of “DT Dobie & Company (Kenya) Limited – Versus - Muchina [1982] KLR”, Madan, JA stated: i. “………………………..the power to strike out should be exercised only after the court has considered all facts, but it must not embark on the merits of the case itself as this is solely reserved for the trial judge. On an application to strike out pleadings, no opinions should be expressed as this would prejudice fair trial and would restrict the freedom of the trial judge in disposing the case. ii. The court should aim at sustaining rather than terminating suit. A suit should only be struck out if it is beyond redemption and incredible by amendment. As long as a suit can be injected with life by amendment, it should not be struck out.” Further, the case of “Henkel Polymer Co. Ltd & 2 Others [2004] eKLR”, J.B Ojwang, J(as he then was) after analyzing several authorities stated as follows: “ from the foregoing review of authorities, it is clear that only very sparingly will any application for the striking out of a statement of defence be entertained … the decision to strike out a defence should not be based on the unlikely success of the defence case.” 40. Additionally, in the case of “Mukunya –vs- Nation Media Group & Another [2012] eKLR” Odunga, J While considering an application such as this stated: “ from the onset I am cognizance of the fact that in an application of this nature the court must avoid the temptation to try the case by way of adavit evidence.” https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 18

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41. Striking out of pleadings is a drastic remedy that should only be resorted to where a pleading is a complete sham. The Court of Appeal in the case of “Blue Shield Insurance Company Ltd – Versus Joseph Mboya Oguttu [2009] eKLR” restated these principles as follows: “ The principles guiding the Court when considering such an application which seeks striking out of a pleading is now well settled. Madan J.A. (as he then was) in his judgment in the case of D.T. Dobie and Company (Kenya) Ltd – Versus - Muchina (1982) KLR 1 discussed the issue at length and although what was before him was an application under Order 6 Rule 13 (1) (a) which was seeking striking out a plaint on grounds that it did not disclose a reasonable cause of action against the defendant, he nonetheless dealt with broad principles which in eect covered all other aspects where striking out a pleading or part of a pleading is sought. It was held in that case inter alia as follows:“The power to strike out should be exercised after the Court has considered all facts, but it must not embark on the merits of the case itself as this is solely reserved for the trial Judge. On an application to strike out pleadings, no opinion should be expressed as this would prejudice fair trial and would restrict the freedom of the trial Judge in disposing the case.” 42. In that judgment, the learned Judge quoted Dankwerts L.J in the case of “Cail Zeiss Stiftung – Versus - Ranjuer & Keeler Ltd and others (No.3) (1970) ChpD 506”, where the Lord Justice said:“ The power to strike out any pleading or any part of a pleading under this rule is not mandatory; but permissive and confers a discretionary jurisdiction to be exercised having regard to the quality and all the circumstances relating to the oending pleading.” 43. I would like to add that like Madan J.A, said, “the power to strike out a pleading which ends in driving a party from the judgment seat should be used very sparingly and only in cases where the pleading is shown to be clearly untenable.” 44. The same sentiments were echoed by Danckwerts L.J when the House of Lords considered a similar matter in “Wenlock – Versus - Moloney, [1965] 2 All E.R 871 at page 874”, as follows: “ There is no doubt that the inherent power of the court remains; but this summary jurisdiction of the court was never intended to be exercised by a minute and protracted examination of the documents and facts of the case, in order to see whether the plainti really has a cause of action. To do that, is to usurp the position of the trial judge, and to produce a trial of the case in chambers, on adavits only, without discovery and without oral evidence tested by cross-examination in the ordinary way. This seems to me to be an abuse of the inherent power of the court and not a proper exercise of that power. The learned master stated the relevant principles and practice correctly enough, and then, I am afraid, failed to apply them to the case.” 45. According the Plaintis/Applicants herein, alongside the other Plaintis/Applicants in these consolidated suits (ELC Nos. 222 of 2018 to 231 of 2018(OS))moved this court separately seeking for orders of adverse possession of the parcels of land as captured in the application and specically under the grounds of the application. The said suits were led on 5th October,2018 vide Originating summons of similar date. Upon service of the aforementioned pleadings, the Defendant/Respondent led another suit in Malindi being ELC No. 229 of 2018 seeking for vacant possession and/or eviction of the Plaintis/Applicants herein from all the parcels of land, forming the subject matter ofthese consolidated suits (10), being the suit premises in both the Malindi suit and the current proceedings. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 19

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The Defendant’s suit was dismissed in favour of the Plaintis on being time barred on 29th January, 2021. The existence of the current proceedings was made known to the Malindi court vide the aforesaid application for striking out of the Malindi suit. 46. As has often been stated, the jurisdiction to strike out pleadings must be exercised sparingly and in clear and obvious cases. Unless the matter is plain and obvious, a party to a civil litigation is not to be deprived of his/her right to have his/her case tried in a proper trial. The Court in this regard ought to act very cautiously and carefully and to consider the facts of the case without embarking upon a trial thereof before dismissing a case or striking out a defence for not disclosing a reasonable cause of action or being otherwise an abuse of the Court process. 47. I am guided by the case of “Kenya Commercial Bank – Versus - Suntra Investment Bank Ltd [2015] eKLR)”. Whereas the court found that the power to strike out pleadings is a drastic step that should be used sparingly and only in the clearest of cases, a balance must be struck between this principle and the policy consideration that a Plainti should not be kept away from his Judgment by an unscrupulous Defendant who les a defence which is a sham simply for the purpose of delaying the nalization of the case. 48. A statement of defence is said to raise reasonable defence if that defence raises a prima facie triable issue. In the case of “Olympic Escort International Co. Ltd. & 2 Others –Versus - Parminder Singh Sandhu & Another [Supra]”, the Court of Appeal held that for an issue to be triable, it has to be bona de. The court stated as follows: “ It is trite that, a triable issue is not necessarily one that the defendant would ultimately succeed on. It need only be bona de.” 49. The Court of Appeal in the case of “Ramji Megji Gudka Ltd -Versus - Alfred Morfat Omundi Michira & 2 others [Supra]” held as follows: “ In our view, the power to strike out pleadings must be sparingly exercised. It can only be exercised in clearest of cases. The issue of summary procedure and striking out of pleadings was given very careful consideration by this Court in Dt Dobie & Company (Kenya) Ltd. v. Muchina [1982] KLR 1 in which Madan J.A. at page 9 said: “The Court ought to act very cautiously and carefully and consider all facts of the case without embarking upon a trial thereof before dismissing a case for not disclosing a reasonable cause of action or being otherwise an abuse of the process of the court. At this stage, the court ought not to deal with any merits of the case for that is a function solely reserved for the judge at the trial as the court itself is not usually fully informed so as to deal with the merits “without discovery, without oral evidence tested by cross-examination in the ordinary way.” (Sellers LJ (supra). As far as possible indeed, there should be no opinions expressed upon the application which may prejudice the fair trial of the action or make it uncomfortable or restrict the freedom of the trial judge in disposing of the case in the way he thinks right.” 50. In dealing with the issue of triable issues, we must point out that even one triable issue would be sucient. A Court would be entitled to strike out a defence when satised that the defence led has no merit and is indeed a sham. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 20

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51. In the case of “Blue Sky Epz limited – Versus - Natalia Polyakova & Another [2007] eKLR” the court held that: “ The power to strike out pleadings is draconian, and the court will exercise it only in clear cases where, upon looking at the pleading concerned, there is no reasonable cause of action or defence disclosed. In the case of a defence, a mere denial or a general traverse will not amount to a defence. A defence must raise a triable issues.” 52. In “Kenya Trade Combine Ltd - Versus - M. Shah C.A no. 193 of 1999 (unreported)”, the Court of Appeal expressed itself in part as follows: “ In a matter of this nature, all a Defendant is supposed to show is that a defence on record raised triable issues which out to go for trial. We should hasten to add that in this respect a defence which raised triable issues does not mean a defence that must succeed.” Issue No. b). Whether The Parties Herein Are Entitled To The Reliefs Sought Herein. 53. From the above legal analysis, under this Sub heading the Court wishes to assess whether the parties were entitled to the reliefs sought. According the Plaintis/Applicants herein, alongside the other Plaintis/Applicants in these consolidated suits (ELC Nos. 222 of 2018 to 231 of 2018(OS))moved this court separately seeking for orders of adverse possession of the parcels of land. Upon service of the aforementioned pleadings, the Defendant/Respondent led a Replying Adavit dated on 6th July, 201 and 1st November, 2021 respectively. From this, the Plaintis/Applicants now seeks to have the Defence in form of the Replying Adavit to be struck out “for not disclosing any reasonable defence and/or for being scandalous and/or frivolous and/or vexatious and/or prejudicial and/or embarrassing and/or for being an otherwise abuse of the Court process and meant to delay the fair trial of the suit. ……..” outrightly oending the provision of Order 2 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. The Defendant/Respondent submitted that in the Replying Adavit sworn on 1st November 2021 by Daniel Runya Ngamba the deponent states that in the year 2007 some 5 persons who are not parties to this suit invaded the Defendant’s land which prompted the Defendant to le suit against them in the Senior Resident Magistrate’s Court at Kili in case number 399 of 2007. After judgement was delivered in that case on 19th September 2012, a large number of persons including structures thereon. The deponent has further stated that there are members of the Defendant Society who have been allocated and are in occupation of portions of the suit premises. Finally, the deponent has annexed to his adavit a report by a licensed surveyor which shows that as of 1st January, 2011 the Plaintis were not in occupation of any portion of the Defendant's land. 54. According to the Defendant, the admission the judge was talking about is the admission made in the Kili case that is to say KILIFI SRMCC NO.399 of 2007 which was between the Defendant herein and Five Defendants. The defendants in the said Kili case are not parties to this suit but they were parties in the case before Honourable Olola. Therefore the nding by Olola J does not apply to the present case. 55. In terms of whether the Plaintis/Applicants are entitled to the relief sought, I whish to state that based on the principles of Interpretation of Statutes and in particular the Golden Rules, Order 2 Rile 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 is specically a combination of four (4) Sub – Rules. Based on the term “or” at each of these Sub – Rules are to be applied specically and not in combination of all of the them or some of them. The Applicant has to specify the sub – rule he intends to apply. One cannot le an omnibus application without specicity as the Plaintis/Applicants have done herein. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 21

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This erroneous. I reiterate that the manner in which the Plaintis/Applicants have moved this Court by generally citing all the provisions of Order 2 Rule 15 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 certainly was erroneous. On this assertion I fully concur with the Submission by the Learned Counsel for the Defendant/Respondent on that front. To that aspect, I cite the Court of Appeal decision of “Olympic Escort International Company Limited & 2 Others – Versus - Parminder Singh Sandhu & Another [2009] eKLR” the Court of Appeal stated as follows:“ We think for our part that it was inappropriate to combine the two prayers, one of which requires evidence before a decision is made and one that does not. There was adavit evidence on record and it was in fact considered by the Learned Judge. It matters not therefore that the applicant had stated that the adavit should not be considered. As the prayer sought under Order 6 Rule 13(1)(a) was in contravention of sub rule (2) of that Order, it was not for consideration and we would have similarly struck out the application on that score.” 56. The Order 6 Rule 13 referred to here is equivalent with the current of Order 2 Rule 15 of the Current Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. Having elaborately expressed my self on all these aspects, I nd the other objections raised by the Plaintis/Applicants to wit that the suit oends the Doctrine of “Sub – Judice” and “Res Judicata” pursuant to the provision of Sections 6 and 7 of the Civil Procedure Act, Cap. 21 to be inapplicable and/or inappropriate in the given surrounding facts and circumstances of this case thereof. I need say no more. 57. For these reasons, therefore, I decline to strike out the Replying Adavits dated 6th July, 2021 and 1st November, 2021 by the Defendant. I am not in the belief that the Defendant’s replying adavits led after it was served by the Plaintis does in any way prejudice the Plaintis’ case. Issue No. c). Who Will Bear The Costs Of Notice Of Motion Application 3Rd February, 2022. 58. It is now well established that the issue of Costs is a discretion of the Court. Costs mean the award a party is awarded at the conclusion of a legal action or proceedings in any litigation. The provision of Section 27 (1) of the Civil Procedure Act, Cap. 21 holds that costs follow the events. By event it means the results or outcome of the legal action or proceedings. See the decisions of Supreme Court “Jasbir Rai Singh vs Tarchalan Singh eKLR (2014)” and “Cecilia Karuru Ngayo vs Barclays Bank of Kenya Limited, eKLR (2014)”. 59. In this case, as Court nds that the Plaintis have not demonstrated why the Defendant’s defence in form of a replying adavit should be struck out, therefore the Defendant/ Respondent has the costs of the application. VI. Conclusion & Disposition 60. In long analysis, the Honorable Court has carefully considered and weighed the conicting parties’ interest as regards to balance of convenience. Clearly, the Applicants have no case against the Respondent. 61. Having said that much, in a nutshell, I proceed to order the following:a. That the Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022 by the Plaintis/ Applicants be and is hereby found to be unmerited and is dismissed with costs to the Defendant who participated in the hearing of the Application. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 22

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b. That for the sake of expediency this suit to be heard on 27th May, 2024, There be a mention on 26th February, 2024 for purposes of taking direction under Order 37 Rules 13 and 16 and conducting a Pre – Trial Conference under Order 11 both of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. c. That the Defendant/ Respondent is hereby awarded the costs of the Notice of Motion application dated 3rd February, 2022. d. That the orders of this Court herein shall apply “Mutatis Mutandis” to all the other nine (9) other related matters namely:- ELC 222 of 2018; 223 of 2018; 224 of 2018; 225 of 2018; 226 of 2018; 227 of 2018; 228 of 2018; 229 of 2018; 230 of 2018; 231 of 2018; and 233 of 2018 – ‘Kazungu Kitsao & Others – Versus - Kili East Farmers Co-operative Society herein”. It Is So Ordered Accordingly. RULING DELIVERED VIA MICROSOFT TEAMS VIRTUAL MEANS, SIGNED, DATED AT MOMBASA THIS 1ST DAY OF NOVEMBER 2023. ……………………………………………………… HON. JUSTICE L.L. NAIKUNI (MR.) ENVIRONMENT AND LAND COURT AT MOMBASA https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/21620/eng@2023-11-01 23

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