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ELCDismissedNot stated in the ruling· [2017] KEELC 3576 (KLR)

Lawrence Ogaro Onyiego & another v Samwel Minika & another [2017] KEELC 3576 (KLR)

Environment and Land Court
24 February 2017
3,168 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
AI-assisted case brief
·~13 min to read original · ~4 min brief

The bottom line

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A Kisii court ruled County Governments cannot hide behind the Government Proceedings Act notice rules, but property owners still must prove land harm with solid evidence.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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The Environment and Land Court at Kisii (J. M. Mutungi, J) ruled on two interlocutory applications arising from the plaintiffs' claim over land parcel South Mugirango/Bosinange/4306: the plaintiffs' application dated 12th November 2015 seeking an injunction to restrain the defendants from demolishing their house and structures, and the 1st defendant's application dated 29th March 2016 seeking striking out of the suit for want of statutory notice under Section 13A of the Government Proceedings Act and for disclosing no reasonable cause of action. On the striking-out application, the court followed the three-judge bench in Council of Governors -v- Senate, which approved Majanja J's holding in Kenya Bus Service Ltd that Section 13A(1) is unconstitutional for violating Article 48. The court further held that, in any event, the Act could not apply to County Governments since the Attorney General, under Article 156(4), represents only the National Government. It also adopted Obaga J's reasoning in James Muigai Thugu to hold that Section 16(2), which bars injunctions against the government, does not extend to County Governments. Misjoinder under Order 1 rule 9 could not defeat the suit, and striking out being a draconian last resort, the blurred claim against the 1st defendant would proceed to trial. On the injunction, applying Giella -v- Cassman Brown, the court found no prima facie case (the photographs and survey abstract did not prove the road works were on the plaintiffs' parcel) and no irreparable harm, damages being compensable. Both applications were dismissed with no order as to costs, each party bearing their own costs.

Key legal issues

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01

Applicability of Section 13A of the Government Proceedings Act to County Governments

Holding

Section 13A does not apply to County Governments; it was declared unconstitutional in Kenya Bus Service Ltd & Another -v- Minister for Transport, a holding the court adopts, and in any event the Attorney General cannot represent County Governments under Article 156(4) of the Constitution

Reasoning

The court aligned itself with the three-judge bench in Council of Governors -v- Senate, which endorsed Majanja J's finding that mandatory notice under Section 13A violates Article 48 on access to justice. Independently, the Act was never amended post-devolution: Section 12 and Section 13 route suits and service through the Attorney General, who under Article 156(4) represents only the National Government. Applying the Act as is to County Governments would produce absurdity.

p. 4
02

Whether Section 16(2) of the Government Proceedings Act bars an injunction against a County Government

Holding

It does not; the protection does not extend to County Governments

Reasoning

Following Obaga J in James Muigai Thugu -v- County Government of Trans Nzoia, the court reasoned that County Governments are bodies corporate with power to sue and be sued, that no provision of the County Governments Act protects them from injunctions, and that the Government Proceedings Act, tailored to a single monolithic government, cannot wholesale apply to counties without modification.

p. 5
03

Whether the plaintiffs established a prima facie case and irreparable harm for a temporary injunction

Holding

They did not; the photographs and map did not prove the road works were on the plaintiffs' parcel, and any damage was compensable in damages

Reasoning

Although the 1st plaintiff's registration was demonstrated, the photographs (JM01) and survey abstract (JM04) did not show that the road works were on parcel 4306; the court could not presume so. On irreparable harm, the plaintiffs themselves pleaded general damages for destruction of property, showing damages were feasible. Both Giella limbs failed.

p. 6
04

Whether the suit against the 1st defendant should be struck out for misjoinder or no cause of action

Holding

No; misjoinder cannot defeat a suit and striking out is a last resort; the claim, though blurred, should go to trial

Reasoning

Order 1 rule 9 provides that no suit shall be defeated by misjoinder or non-joinder. The court preferred to sustain the suit so it is determined on its merits, cautioning that if the plaintiffs fail at trial the claim will be dismissed with costs to the 1st defendant.

p. 4

Legal principles established

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  • Section 13A of the Government Proceedings Act, being a mandatory pre-litigation notice requirement, impedes access to justice and would not apply to County Governments even absent its declaration of unconstitutionality, since the Attorney General represents only the National Government under Article 156(4)
  • Section 16(2) of the Government Proceedings Act does not bar an injunction against a County Government
  • Misjoinder or non-joinder of parties cannot defeat a suit (Order 1 rule 9)

Court orders

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  1. 1.Dismissal of the plaintiffs' application dated 12th November 2015 seeking a temporary injunction
  2. 2.Dismissal of the 1st defendant's application dated 29th March 2016 seeking striking out of the plaintiffs' suit
  3. 3.Each party to bear their own costs

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Government Proceedings ActSection 13A(1)
  • Government Proceedings ActSection 13
  • Government Proceedings ActSection 12(1)
  • Government Proceedings ActSection 16(2)
  • Government Proceedings ActSection 21
  • Constitution of KenyaArticle 48
  • Constitution of KenyaArticle 156(4)
  • Civil Procedure ActSections 1A, 1B, 3 and 3A
  • Civil Procedure RulesOrder 1 rule 9
  • Civil Procedure RulesOrder 2 Rule 15; Order 4 Rule 3; Order 3 Rule 2
  • County Government ActNot specified
  • County Governments ActReferenced as 'County Government Act of 2012'

Cases cited (7)

  • Council of Governors and 6 Others -vs- Senate
    [2015] eKLR
  • Orengo -vs- Attorney General
    [2007] eKLR
  • Hudson Laise Walumbwa -vs- Attorney General
    HCCC No. 2714 of 1987
  • Kenya Bus Service Ltd & Another -vs- Minister for Transport & 2 Others
    [2012] eKLR
  • James Muigai Thugu -vs- County Government of Tran Nzoia & 2 Others
    [2015] eKLR
  • Josephat Gathee Kibuchi -vs- Kirinyaga County Council
    [2015] eKLR
  • Giella -vs- Cassman Brown & Co. Ltd
    [1973] E.A 358
Jurisdiction invoked
Original civil jurisdiction of the Environment and Land Court over land parcel South Mugirango/Bosinange/4306

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Later judgments citing this (5)

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Judgments in the corpus that rely on this one. Where the Court said how it treated the authority, that is shown.

Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Lawrence Ogaro Onyiego & another v Samwel Minika & another [2017] KEELC 3576 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2017). Not stated in the ruling. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2017/3576/eng@2017-02-24

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.