Marpe & another (Suing as the administrators of the Estate of Ntimioe David Marpe - Deceased) v Kariuru & another (Civil Case E315 of 2025) [2026] KEMC 853 (KLR) (2 September 2026) (Judgment) Neutral citation: [2026] KEMC 853 (KLR) REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE NAKURU LAW COURTS CIVIL CASE E315 OF 2025 LA MUMASSABBA, PM SEPTEMBER 2, 2026 BETWEEN NOKAYO MARPE ................................................................................ 1ST PLAINTIFF JACOB LINTI SANINGO ................................................................... 2ND PLAINTIFF SUING AS THE ADMINISTRATORS OF THE ESTATE OF NTIMIOE DAVID MARPE - DECEASED AND SAMUEL NGUNJIRI KARIURU ................................................... 1ST DEFENDANT JOSEPH MWANGI KIMANI .......................................................... 2ND DEFENDANT JUDGMENT Introduction 1. The Plaintis instituted this suit in their capacity as the administrators of the Estate of Ntimioe David Marpe (Deceased) following a road trac accident which occurred on 9th November 2024 along the Gilgil–Nakuru Road at the Lake Oil area. The claim is brought under the Law Reform Act and the Fatal Accidents Act. 2. It is the Plaintis’ case that the deceased, who was six years old at the time of his death, sustained fatal injuries following the accident involving motor vehicle registration number KCY 346W. The Plaintis brought the claim for the benet of the deceased's estate and dependants, who include his parents. 3. The issue of liability was settled on 8th July ,2026 by consent at the ratio of 85:15 in favour of the Plaintis. The only issue remaining for determination is therefore quantum. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kemc/2026/853/eng@2026-09-02 1
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4. The Plaintis led Written Submissions on quantum. The Defendants were directed by the Court to le and serve their submissions by 19th August, 2026. However, the Defendants did not le submissions within the period directed by the Court. 5. The failure by the Defendants to le submissions does not absolve the Court of its duty to independently assess the evidence, the applicable law and the appropriate quantum. Plaintis’ Submissions 6. The Plaintis proposed the following awards: a. Pain and suering – Kshs. 80,000/=; b. Loss of expectation of life – Kshs. 250,000/=; c. Loss of dependency/lost years – Kshs. 1,500,000/=; and d. Special damages – Kshs. 125,550/=. 7. On pain and suering, the Plaintis relied on Melbrimo Investment Company Ltd v Dinah Kemunto & Francis Sese [2022] eKLR, Acceler Global Logistics v Gladys Nasambu Waswa & another [2020] eKLR, and Sukari Industries Ltd v Clyde Machimbo Juma [2016] eKLR. 8. On loss of expectation of life, they relied on Ahmed & another v NKJ & another and Benson Musyoki Munyao & another v Omacha Enterprises Ltd & another [2017] eKLR. 9. On loss of dependency, the Plaintis relied on Daniel Mwangi Kimemi & 2 others v JGM & another [2016] eKLR, Ahmed & another v NKJ & another, Kenya Power & Lighting Company v Gacugu & another [2024] KEHC 7712 (KLR) and Onsomu v Joshua Nyamenia Ogari & another. 10. They submitted that the Special Damages of Kshs. 125,550/= were specically pleaded and strictly proved by the documentary evidence produced before the Court. Analysis and Determination 11. The issue of liability having been settled by consent, the only issue for determination is quantum. A. Pain and Suering 12. The award under this head is intended to compensate the estate for the pain and suering endured by the deceased between the time of injury and death. 13. The evidence before the Court is that the deceased died at the scene of the accident. There is no evidence that he survived for an appreciable period or endured prolonged suering. 14. In Sukari Industries Ltd v Clyde Machimbo Juma [2016] eKLR, the Court observed that where death occurs shortly after an accident, a modest award may be made for pain and suering. The Plaintis also relied on Melbrimo Investment Company Ltd v Dinah Kemunto & Francis Sese [2022] eKLR and Acceler Global Logistics v Gladys Nasambu Waswa & another [2020] eKLR, where awards of Kshs. 50,000/= were upheld where death occurred at or shortly after the accident. 15. Taking into account the fact that the deceased died at the scene the same day of the accident and there is no evidence of prolonged suering, I nd that an award of Kshs. 50,000/= is reasonable. 16. I accordingly award Kshs. 50,000/= for pain and suering. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kemc/2026/853/eng@2026-09-02 2
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B. Loss of Expectation of Life 17. An award under this head is made in recognition of the loss occasioned to the estate by the premature termination of the deceased’s life. 18. The Plaintis proposed an award of Kshs. 250,000/=. 19. It is natural that any person who suers injury as a result of an accident will suer some form of pain. This pain may be brief and eeting but it is nevertheless pain for which the deceased’s estate is entitled to compensation. The generally accepted principle is that nominal damages will be awarded on this head for death occurring immediately after the accident. Higher damages will be awarded if the pain and suering is prolonged before the death. 20. According to various decisions of the High Court, the sums have ranged from Kshs. 10,000.00 to Kshs. 100,000.00. The principle of consistency in awards was emphasized in Hellen Waruguru Waweru (Suing as the Legal Representative of Peter Waweru Menja (Deceased) v Kiarie Shoe Stores Limited [2015] eKLR, where the Court discussed the assessment of damages under the Law Reform Act and the Fatal Accidents Act. 21. In common law jurisprudence of which Kenya is part, the Courts have evolved two principles, loss of expectation of life and pain and suering by the deceased, for award of damages under the Fatal Accidents Act for pain and suering determined what is commonly referred to as a conventional sum which has increased over the years from Kshs. 10,000.00 to Kshs. 100,000.00 currently. 22. The generally accepted principle is that very nominal damages will be awarded on this head claim if death followed immediately after the accident. Higher damages will be awarded if the pain and suering was prolonged before death. His death prematurely deprived him of the normal expectation and enjoyment of life 23. In this case, the conventional gure for loss of expectation of life is Kshs. 100,000.00 and I award the same. C. Loss of Dependency 24. The deceased was six years old at the time of his death. The Plaintis brought this claim as his parents and legal representatives. 25. The assessment of damages for the death of a child presents considerable diculty because the child's future occupation, income, earning capacity and actual future contribution to the dependants cannot be known with certainty. 26. The multiplier approach is not mandatory. In Mwanzia v Ngalali Mutua & Kenya Bus Services (Msa) Ltd & Another, as quoted with approval in Albert Odawa v Gichimu Gichenji [2007] eKLR, Ringera J. held that the multiplier approach is merely a method of assessing damages and must be abandoned where the facts do not facilitate its application without undue speculation. The Court stated that justice should not be sacriced on the altar of methodology. 27. In Kenya Breweries Ltd v Saro [1991] KLR 408, the Court recognized that damages may be awarded to parents following the death of their child notwithstanding that the child had not reached an age at which actual nancial contribution could be demonstrated. 28. Accordingly, in cases involving young children, courts have often adopted the global approach because the future income and dependency of the deceased cannot be determined with precision. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kemc/2026/853/eng@2026-09-02 3
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29. In Emmanuel Wasike Wabukesa suing for BWW (a Minor Deceased) v Munena Ndiwa Durman [2019] eKLR, the Court adopted a global approach in assessing damages arising from the death of a young child, noting the uncertainty of predicting the child’s future earnings and career. 30. In Daniel Mwangi Kimemi & 2 others v JGM & Another [2016] eKLR, the Court awarded Kshs. 1,000,000/= in respect of loss of dependency arising from the death of a nine-year-old child. The Court recognized that a child is a valuable member of the family and that the loss suered by parents following the death of a child is compensable. 31. In Ahmed & another v NKJ & another, an award of Kshs. 700,000/= was upheld in respect of the death of a six-year-old child. 32. In Wandera George t/a Odindiko Investments v Harrison Shida Thoya & another [2019] eKLR, the Court considered the assessment of damages in respect of a deceased child and supported the use of a global award where the future earnings of the child could not be established without speculation. The decision considered an award of Kshs. 1,200,000/= in determining reasonable compensation. 33. The Plaintis further relied on Kenya Power & Lighting Company v Gacugu & another [2024] KEHC 7712 (KLR), where a global award of Kshs. 2,000,000/= was made in respect of the death of an eightyear-old child. 34. More recently, in Kenya Power & Lighting Company v DBO (Suing as the next friend and father to DM – Deceased) [2024] KEHC 15436 (KLR), the High Court considered a global award of Kshs. 1,500,000/= in respect of a deceased minor and emphasized the need to take account of comparable awards and inationary trends. 35. In Endege & another v Benard & Another [2024] KEHC 709 (KLR), the Court similarly held that the global approach was appropriate in assessing loss of dependency in respect of a deceased child because the child's future earning capacity and likely contribution could not be ascertained with certainty. 36. The foregoing authorities demonstrate that the award of damages in respect of a deceased child does not follow a rigid mathematical formula. The Court must consider the age of the child, the circumstances of the dependants, comparable awards, the vagaries and uncertainties of life, the passage of time and prevailing economic conditions. 37. In the present case, the deceased was only six years old. His future education, career and earnings remain unknown. It would therefore be speculative to assign him a multiplicand and multiplier. 38. I am therefore satised that the global approach is the most appropriate method of assessing damages under this head. 39. I have considered the award of Kshs. 700,000/= in Ahmed & another v NKJ & Another, the award of Kshs. 1,000,000/= in Daniel Mwangi Kimemi & 2 others v JGM & Another [2016] eKLR, and the comparable awards considered in Wandera George t/a Odindiko Investments v Harrison Shida Thoya & Another [2019] eKLR. I have also considered the more recent awards in Kenya Power & Lighting Company v Gacugu & another [2024] KEHC 7712 (KLR) and Kenya Power & Lighting Company v DBO [2024] KEHC 15436 (KLR). 40. While the Plaintis proposed Kshs. 1,500,000/=, the Court must independently determine an award that is fair, reasonable and commensurate with the circumstances of this case. 41. Having regard to the tender age of the deceased, the loss suered by the dependants, the uncertainty surrounding the deceased’s future earning capacity, the vagaries of life, the comparable awards cited https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kemc/2026/853/eng@2026-09-02 4
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and the passage of time, I nd that a global award of Kshs. 1,300,000/= is fair, reasonable and proportionate. 42. I accordingly award Kshs. 1,300,000/= for loss of dependency. D. Special Damages 43. The Plaintis pleaded special damages of Kshs. 125,550/=. 44. The law is settled that special damages must not only be specically pleaded but must also be strictly proved. In Hahn v Singh [1985] KLR 716, the Court of Appeal stated that special damages must be specically pleaded and strictly proved. 45. The Plaintis submitted that the amount claimed was supported by receipts and a paid invoice which were produced in evidence. 46. I am satised that the special damages were specically pleaded and proved. 47. I therefore award Kshs. 125,550/= as special damages. E. Awards Under the Law Reform Act and the Fatal Accidents Act 48. The Plaintis submitted that the awards under the Law Reform Act should not be mathematically deducted from the awards under the Fatal Accidents Act. They relied on Kemfro Africa Ltd t/a Meru Express Services (1976) & Another v Lubia & another (No. 2) [1985] eKLR, among other authorities. 49. In Kemfro Africa Ltd t/a Meru Express Services (1976) & another v Lubia & Another (No. 2) [1985] eKLR, the Court explained that the words “to take into account” do not necessarily mean that an award under the Law Reform Act must be deducted from an award made under the Fatal Accidents Act. 50. I have taken into account the awards made under the Law Reform Act in assessing damages under the Fatal Accidents Act. However, I nd no basis for making a mathematical deduction. F. Costs and Interest 51. Costs ordinarily follow the event pursuant to Section 27 of the Civil Procedure Act. 52. The Plaintis have succeeded and are entitled to the costs of the suit. 53. Interest on Special Damages shall run from the date of ling suit, while interest on general damages shall run from the date of Judgment, both at court rates. Disposition 54. In conclusion therefore, there shall be Judgment for the Plainti against the Defendants jointly and severally in the sum of Kshs. 1,339,217.50 (Kenya shillings one million, three hundred and thirty nine thousand, two hundred and seventeen and fty cents) made up as follows: a. Liability 80:15 by Consent of 8th July ,2026 b. General Damages (1) Fatal Accidents Act, (Loss of Dependency) Kshs. 1,300,000.00 (ii) Law Reform Act. c. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kemc/2026/853/eng@2026-09-02 5
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Pain and Suering ............... Kshs. 50,000.00 Loss of expectation of life ............... Kshs. 100,000.00 Special Damages ............... Kshs. 125,550.00 Total ............... Kshs. 1,575,550.00 Less 15% contribution ............... Kshs. 236332.50 Total ............... Kshs. 1,339,217.50 55. The Plaintis shall further have: a. Interest on Special Damages from the date of ling suit until payment in full; b. Interest on general damages from the date of this Judgment until payment in full; c. Costs of the suit; and d. Interest on costs at court rates. 30 Days Right of Appeal. JUDGEMENT DATED, READ, SIGNED AND DELIVERED VIRTUALLY AT NAIROBI VIA MICROSOFT TEAMS PLATFORM THIS 2ND DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 2026 L. A. MUMASSABBA PRINCIPAL MAGISTRATE 2.9.2026 In the Presence of: Mr. Mwenda for Defendant M/s Kurere for the Defendant Court Assistant: Phoebe https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kemc/2026/853/eng@2026-09-02 6
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