George Mbugua Njuguna v Lucy Wambui Muthanji & 1 other

and Rule 22 of the Probate and Administration Rules; and that it ofiends Rule 21 of the Probate and Administration Rules. 3. Being a preliminary objection which, if upheld, would dispose of the substantive Summons, it is prudent that I address it first. The Preliminary Objection 4. The jurisprudence surrounding preliminary objections in Kenya is well settled. The classical exposition was rendered by Law, J.A., in the celebrated case of Mukisa Biscuit Manufacturing Co. Ltd v. West End Distributors Ltd [1969] EA 696, which was subsequently endorsed by the Supreme Court in Hassan Ali Joho & Another v. Suleiman Said Shahbal & 2 Others [2014] eKLR. The principle dictates that a preliminary objection must consist of a pure point of law which has been pleaded, or which arises by clear implication out of pleadings, and which if argued as a preliminary point may dispose of the suit. It cannot be raised if any fact has to be ascertained or if what is sought is the exercise of judicial discretion. 5. Applying this metric to the Preliminary Objection dated 30 January 2026, it is evident that claims of bad faith, frivolousness, and the factual determination of whether all entitled persons have been cited are not pure points of law. They are mixed questions of fact and law that would ordinarily require this Court to interrogate the evidentiary substratum of the dispute. However, giving the Beneficiaries the benefit of the doubt, the question of whether the Citor possesses the requisite locus standi to issue a Citation under the Law of Succession Act and the Probate and Administration Rules is a point of law capable of preliminary determination. 6. The Objectors contend that the Citor's application ofiends Section 39 of the Act and Rules 21 and 22 of the Probate and Administration Rules. I have perused Section 39 of the Act. It exclusively governs the devolution and distribution of an intestate estate where the deceased has left no surviving spouse or children. It sets out the priority of blood relations entitled to inherit. It does not prescribe the procedural mechanism for the appointment of administrators or the issuance of citations. To rely on Section 39 as a procedural bar to a Citation is a gross misapprehension of the law. 7. Regarding Rules 21 and 22 of the Probate and Administration Rules, the Citor has demonstrated that he is litigating against the estate in Thika ELC Case No. 102 of 2019 (OS) over the sole asset of the estate (Land Parcel No. Kabete/Kibichiku/208), and that the previous administrators (Joseph Gachuhi Muthanji and James Mbugua Muthanji) are deceased. This leaves the estate unrepresented and paralyses the pending litigation. 8. Is a litigant with a pending claim against an estate entitled to cite the surviving heirs? The law answers this in the affirmative. The scope and purpose of a citation were aptly captured by Olga Sewe, J., in In re Estate of Kiprono Arap Misoi (Deceased) [2021] eKLR, where she quoted Sitati, J., in John Osicho v. Hana Omolo Osewe & Another [2013] eKLR, stating: “ A Citation is a document issued by the Probate Registry, whereby the person being the claimant (Citor) calls upon the person cited (Citee) to provide a reason why a particular step should not be taken... they serve the purpose of bullying along or fast tracking the issue of a grant of letters of administration." 9. Further, Musyoka, J., in In the Matter of the Estate of Josiah Muli Wambua [2014] eKLR clarified that citations are intended to trigger the administration process where the persons entitled to apply in priority are not willing or are slow in moving the court. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2026/11870/eng@2026-07-30 2

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10. For the purposes of a citation, the Citor merely needs to demonstrate a bona fide interest in the estate to prompt those with priority to act. An active litigant suing the estate possesses this proximate and legally cognizable interest. The requirement under Rule 22 is facilitative, meant to prevent the stagnation of estate administration. To adopt the restrictive interpretation urged by the Objectors would shield indolent beneficiaries from accountability and defeat the ends of justice by leaving the estate perpetually unrepresented. 11. Consequently, I find that the Preliminary Objection dated 30 January 2026 fails to meet the threshold of a valid preliminary point of law and is completely devoid of merit. It is hereby overruled. The Citation 12. Having dispensed with the Preliminary Objection, I now turn to the Citation dated 24 June 2025. The facts grounding the application are largely undisputed. The Grant issued on 30 July 2010 has been rendered inoperative by the demise of the appointed administrators. The estate is a party to an ongoing suit, Thika ELC Case No. 102 of 2019 (OS). 13. The law does not countenance a vacuum in the administration of estates, especially where third-party rights or pending litigation are at stake. It is in the interest of justice, and for the proper administration of the estate of the Deceased, that a legal representative be appointed to stand in the shoes of the Deceased. 14. The Citees, being surviving heirs and beneficiaries, possess a prior right to take up the administration of the estate. The Citation is, therefore, the correct, lawful, and necessary mechanism to compel them to either accept this responsibility or formally renounce it, thereby clearing the path for the Citor to seek alternative representation for the estate, such as a Grant of Letters of Administration ad litem. 15. The upshot of the foregoing is that I find the citation to be merited. I make the following orders: i. The Preliminary Objection dated 30 January 2026 is misconceived, lacks merit, and is hereby overruled. ii. The citation dated 24 June 2025 is allowed. iii. A Citation do issue directed to the 1st and 2nd Citees/Respondents, compelling them to enter an appearance and accept or refuse to take out Letters of Administration Intestate in respect of the Estate of George Muthanji Wangige (Deceased) within fifteen (15) days of service of this Order. iv. In default of the Citees entering an appearance and extracting the Grant as directed above, the Citor shall be at liberty to petition this Court for a Grant of Letters of Administration ad litem limited to the purpose of representing the estate in Thika ELC Case No. 102 of 2019 (OS) v. Each party shall bear its own costs. DATED AND DELIVERED AT NAIROBI THIS 30 DAY OF JULY 2026 HELENE R. NAMISI JUDGE OF THE HIGH COURT Delivered on virtual platform in the presence of: For the Citor: Mr Mathenge For the Citees/Respondents: N/A https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2026/11870/eng@2026-07-30 3

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For the Beneficiaries: N/A Court Assistant: Lucy Mwangi https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2026/11870/eng@2026-07-30 4

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