Republic v Ali alias Salo (Criminal Case E021 of 2023) [2025] KEHC 13195 (KLR) (17 September 2025) (Ruling) Neutral citation: [2025] KEHC 13195 (KLR) REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE HIGH COURT AT MOMBASA CRIMINAL CASE E021 OF 2023 WM KAGENDO., J SEPTEMBER 17, 2025 BETWEEN REPUBLIC ........................................................................................... PROSECUTION AND SALIM ADINAH ALI ALIAS SALO ........................................................... ACCUSED RULING 1. The accused, Salim Adinah Ali alias Salo, is charged with the offense of murder contrary to Sec 203 as read with Sec 204 of the Penal Code, particulars of which are that on the 21st September, 2023 at Sirigoi House, at Mwembe Tayari area, Mvita Sub-County within Mombasa County murdered Nassor Abdalla. 2. The accused was arraigned on the 16th of October 2023, where the charges were read out to him, to which he pleaded not guilty. 3. The trial commenced on 24th February, 2025 where the prosecution called a total of six (6) witnesses of whom two (2); PW1-Fahad Farouq Ibrahim and PW2-Hassan Mohammed Ahmed (both eye witnesses) testified on the day. 4. Thereafter, on 16th July, 2023, PW3-Hussein Ali, a village elder, and PW4-Abdulaziz Bwanamkuu, the deceased’s uncle, both gave their testimonies, and lastly on 30th July, 2025 PW5-Dr. Aisha Ali, a medical officer and expert witness, and PW6-No.7xxxx2 Sgt. Allan Adaga, the investigative officer, both testified, at which point the prosecution closed its case. Analysis and Determination 5. As per the evidence on record it is apparent that the Accused was witnessed threatening the deceased, subsequently attacking and fatally assaulting him and was further apprehended by members of the public. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2025/13195/eng@2025-09-17 1
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6. I have considered the evidence so far from the prosecution’s side. The issue before me at this stage is, whether the evidence so far adduced warrants calling upon the accused to defend himself. In other words, does the accused have a case to answer? In Republic v Abdi Ibrahim Owl [2013] eKLR a prima facie case was defined as follows: “ prima facie” is a Latin word defined by Black’s Law Dictionary, 8th Edition as “Sufficient to establish a fact or raise a presumption unless disproved or rebutted”. “prima facie case” is defined by the same dictionary as “The establishment of a legally required rebuttable presumption”. To digest this further, in simple terms, it means the establishment of a rebuttal presumption that an accused person is guilty of the offence he/she is charged with." 7. It is noteworthy that a prima facie case does not necessarily mean a case which must succeed. In other words, despite finding that a prima facie case has been made out, the Court is not necessarily bound to convict the accused if the accused decides to maintain his silence. At the conclusion the Court will still evaluate the evidence as well as the submissions, if any and make a finding whether, based on the facts and the law, the prosecution has proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, which is not the same standard applicable to the finding of existence of a prima facie case for the purpose of a case to answer. 8. Nevertheless, it is not lost to this court the danger in making definitive findings at this preliminary stage, especially where the Court finds that there is a case to answer. As was appreciated by Trevelyan and Chesoni, JJ in Festo Wandera Mukando v The Republic [1980] KLR 103: “ …we once more draw attention to the inadvisability of giving reasons for holding that an accused has a case to answer. It can prove embarrassing to the Court and, in an extreme case, may require an appellate Court to set aside an otherwise sound judgement. Where a submission of “no case” is rejected, the Court should say no more than that it is. It is otherwise where the submission is upheld when reasons should be given; for then that is the end to the case or the count or counts concerned.” 9. Therefore, the question that this Court must contend with and answer at this stage, is whether based on the evidence before this Court, the Court after properly directing its mind to the law and the evidence may convict if the accused chose to give no evidence. 10. As I noted earlier on, the accused was witnessed assaulting the deceased who was declared dead thereafter. Without delving deep into the matter and having appreciated the material placed before me I am satisfied that the prosecution has established a prima facie case to the end that the accused has a case to answer. Accordingly, the accused is hereby put on his defense. 11. Consequently, the accused’s rights under Article 50 (2) (i) (k) and (l) of the Constitution as read with Sec 306 (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code shall be guaranteed and explained to him, in a language he comprehends and understands before his legal counsel. DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT NAIROBI VIRTUALLY THIS 17TH DAY OF SEPTEMBER. 2025. W.K. MICHENI JUDGE In the Presence of; For the Accused(s) - Mr Salim https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2025/13195/eng@2025-09-17 2
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For the Prosecutor - Mr Ngiri and Mr Sirima Court Assistant - Bebora https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/kehc/2025/13195/eng@2025-09-17 3
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