REPUBLIC OF KENYA IN THE HIGH COURT OF KENYA AT MERU SUCCESSION CAUSE NO. 497 OF 2013 IN THE MATER OF THE ESTATE OF M’RWANDA M’IRUKA SAMSON MUTHAMIA M’RWANDA..................... PETITIONER VERSUS JOYCE MUTHOMI M’IRURA ............................... RESPONDENT JUDGMENT 1. M’Rwanda M’Iruka (“the deceased”) died on 12th November 2011 domiciled at Kathera Location, Meru. As per the letter of introduction by the area Chief dated 16 th April, 2013, the deceased left behind Joyce Muthoni M’Rwanda, Joseph Kithinji (deceased but left children), Josephine Karambu, Samson Muthamia M’Rwanda, Jenniffer Kabaka, Lydia Mugotio (deceased) and Kijiira M’Rwanda as his dependants. 2. On 13th September, 2013, Samson Muthamia M’Rwanda (“the petitioner) petitioned for letters of administration intestate whereby he listed Plot No. 68 ‘B’, Nkubu Market, Abothuguchi/Kiija/1164, Nkuene/Kathera/1751, Nkuene/Kathera/1752, Abothuguchi/Kiija/1162 and Abothuguchi/ Kiija/1163 as the assets forming the estate of the deceased. 3. On 12th March, 2013, the grant was issued to him which was confirmed on 30 th April, 2015 whereby save for Nkuene/Kathera/1751, the rest of the estate was distributed to the petitioner. 4. Pursuant thereto, the petitioner filed an application dated 14 th May, 2015 citing difficulties in transferring Nkubu Market Plot No. 68 B to one Lawrence Gitonga. He prayed for substitution of his name with that of Lawrence Gitonga. The application was allowed and the grant was rectified accordingly. 5. On 25th November, 2015, Joyce Muthoni M’Rwanda (“the objector”) lodged a summons for the revocation and/or annulment of the grant. She contended that she was the only surviving widow of the deceased. That the petitioner had fraudulently petitioned for letters of administration by making a false statement and by concealment of material facts. 6. On 26th September 2018, the parties recorded a consent whereby the grant was revoked and Samson Muthamia M’Rwanda and Josephine Karambu were appointed as joint administrators of the estate. 7 On 6th May 2019, before the matter proceeded for hearing, the parties recorded consent distributing part of the estate as follows:a) L.R. NKuene/Kathera/1752 (3½ acres) - Samson Muthamia M’Rwanda. b) L.R. Nkuene/Kathera/1750 (3½ acres) - Charles Mutwiri to hold in trust for himself and; i) Japheth Murithi Kithinji ii) Benard Kiogora Kithinji iii) Mureti. 8. In the consent, the parties acknowledged that the deceased had given his daughters Josephine Karambu, Jenniffer Kabaka and Lydia Mugito (deceased) L.R. Nkuene/ Kathira/1751 measuring 1 acre which they sold. The issue therefore that was tried for determination was how Plot No. 68B, Nkubu and 3 acres comprised in L.R. Abothuguchi/Kiija/369, are to be distributed.
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9. The matter thereafter proceeded for hearing by way of viva voce evidence. 10. PW1 Jenniffer Kabaka testified that she is a daughter of the deceased and the objector herein. She was at the time residing with and taking care of the objector who was aged 79 yrs old and Kijiira M’Rwanda, her brother who was mentally challenged. 11. She told the court that, during his lifetime, the deceased had distributed his properties. That he had stated that Plot No. 68B, Nkubu be granted to the objector and Kijiira M’Rwanda. That she should be given a portion of Abothuguchi/Kiija/369 so that she can reside there with her said brother and mother and bury them there in their eventual demise. 12. It was her testimony that the deceased had also granted Charles Mutwiri and Susan Kagwiria (her daughter) an acre each on the said Abothuguchi/Kiija/369 on the basis that they had both taken care of him before his demise. 13. As for Plot No. 68B, Nkubu, it was her testimony that to-date, she was collecting the rent therefrom for the use by the objector and Kijiira M’Rwanda. She admitted that the deceased had not left any written will. That Abothuguchi/Kiija/369 had been sub-divided into portions with new numbers, to wit, 1162, 1163 and 1164. 14. RW1, the petitioner testified that he is the one who constructed the premises erected on Plot No. 68B, Nkubu completing the same in the year 1980. He thereafter allowed the deceased to collect the rent so that he could take care of the children of PW1. That he had constructed on Abothuguchi/Kiija/369 and that is where the deceased, the objector and Charles Mutwiri lived. He proposed that the same should be distributed to Joyce Muthoni (1acre), Kijiira M’Rwanda (1acre) and the remaining acre be shared between him and Joseph. 15. RW2, Romano Mbae Kaiga testified that he was aware that the petitioner had been given Plot No. 68B by the deceased as a gift through a family meeting and that the petitioner had also constructed on the same. That he knew this because he had been deputised by the area chief to go and settle a dispute on rent collection from the said premises between the petitioner and his sister. 16. The deceased was polygamous. He had two wives who had three children each as follow:Karoki M’Rwanda (deceased) a) Joseph Kithinji (deceased) b) Josephine Karambu c) Kijiira M’Rwanda (mentally challenged) Joyce Muthoni M’Rwanda (objector) a) Jenniffer Kabaka b) Samson Muthama M’Rwanda c) Lydia Mugito (deceased) 17. In view of the foregoing, the provisions of section 40 of the Law of succession Act (“the Act”) applies to this estate. That is, the estate of the deceased is to be distributed equally amongst the children of the deceased with the widow(s), if alive, forming a separate and independent unit. 18. From the evidence on record, it is clear that the deceased had distributed most of his properties during his lifetime. It would seem that the only properties the deceased had not distributed or settled were the ones currently in dispute by the beneficiaries. Indeed, the consent recorded by the parties seems to have been as had been decided or how the properties had been divided by the deceased during his lifetime. 19. The only issue therefore for determination is, how Plot No. 68B, Nkubu and Abothuguchi/Nkuene/369 should be distributed. 20. I have taken into consideration the evidence as outlined above, the affidavits presented in the course of these proceedings and the submissions of the parties. It is clear from the record that at all times Plot No. 68B, Nkubu, was in the name of the deceased. The rental proceeds therefrom have been collected by RW1 for the benefit of the deceased, the objector and Kijiira M’Rwanda. This has continued todate. 21. It was the petitioner’s contention that the deceased had given him the said property whereby he erected a premises thereon from 1970 to 1980. However, he failed to present credible or any evidence to prove his allegations. I did not believe his evidence at all. He appeared to me to be driven by nothing but greed to disinherit the other beneficiaries. 22. It should be recalled that immediately he was issued with the grant in 2013, he could not wait for the same to be confirmed before he rushed to sell it. On 10th February, 2015, he purported to execute a sale agreement with one Lawrence Gitonga Kirima for the sale of the said property for Kshs.3,000,000/-. In order to perfect the fraud, he returned to court with an application in May that year and had the name of the said Lawrence Gitonga Kirima included as a beneficiary of that property!
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23. The petitioner’s witness, RW2 was no better. He contradicted himself as to the nature of the dispute for which he had allegedly been called to solve at the home of the deceased. He was not clear as to whether he was called to solve a rent dispute or a land dispute at the deceased’s home. I did not believe him. 24. From the bequests that were made by the deceased, no property was given to the widow and Kijiira M’Rwanda. Section 42 of the Act provides to the effect that when distributing property, the court has to take into consideration the properties, gifts or bequests made to any of the beneficiaries during the lifetime of the deceased. 25. Two of the sons of the deceased had been given 3 ½ acres each as can be seen from the consent entered by the parties in respect of L.R. No. Nkuene/Kathera/1752 and Nkuene/Kathera/1750. The daughters got only one acre which they sold. The widow and Kajiira M’Rwanda also got nothing. 26. Plot No. 68B, Nkubu has remained in the name of the deceased and the rentals therefrom have to-date been used for the benefit of Kijiira M’Rwanda and Joyce Muthoni Muirura. I saw both in court, the former was mentally challenged while the latter was old and frail. I distribute that property to them with Joice Muthoni Muirura having a life interest thereon. Jenniffer Kabaka shall hold the same in trust of Kijiira M’Rwanda. 27. As for L.R. Abothuguchi/Kiija/369, which was subdivided by the deceased into Abothuguchi/Kiija/ 1162, Abothuguchi/Kiija/1163 and Abothuguchi/ Kiija/1164, respectively, I have dully considered the proposal by both parties. Section 29 of the Act gives priority to the children of the deceased to inherit first as opposed to grandchildren. 28. There was no acceptable evidence to show that the deceased had given parts thereof to his grandchildren as alleged by PW1. If that was his intention, nothing would have easier than for him to transfer the same as he had done to the sons and daughters on the Kathera properties. 29. In Veronica Njoki Wakagoto (deceased) (2013) eKLR, the court held:- “… grandchildren can only inherit their grandparents indirectly through their own parents, the children of the deceased. The children inherit first and thereafter the grandchildren inherit from the parents. The only time grandchildren inherit directly from their grandparents is when the grandchildren’s own parents are dead. The grandchildren step into the shoes of their parents and take directly the share that ought to have gone to the said parents.” 30. PW1’s testimony that Susan Kagwiria, her daughter, took care of the deceased and the objector by staying with them during her formative years and the old age of deceased was not reason enough for her to be entitled to a share of the estate. The fact that the deceased paid school fees for the grandchild does not necessarily prove that she was maintained by the deceased prior to his demise. Susan Kagwiria benefited or will benefit from the inheritance of PW1. 31. Since the sons had already benefited from bequests of 3 ½ acres each, while all the daughters shared only one acre, the remaining asset Abothuguchi/Kiija/369 should be distributed to the daughters of the deceased. The fact of them being female does not justify them being given a lesser share to that of the sons. 32. In the Matter of the Estate of M’Ngarithi M’Miriti alias Paul M’Ngarithi M’Miriti (Deceased) [2017] eKLR, the court expressed itself as follows regarding discrimination of daughters in inheritance:- “… From the arguments coming through, it is clear issues to do with discrimination based on gender and sex have emerged. There were bad times in the heavily patriarchal African society; that being born as daughter disinherited you. And so, even the judicial journey to liberate daughters from being so down-trodden by the patriarchal society in Kenya on matters of inheritance has been long and painful. As a matter of fact, due to the constitutional architecture of our nation at the time, before 2010, we only saw pin-prick thrusts and rapier-like strokes by courts on these persistent patriarchal biases. But, things changed when RONO vs. RONO [2008] 1 KLR 803 delivered the downright bludgeon-blow on these discriminatory practices against women in inheritance; it splendidly paid deference to the international instruments against all forms of discrimination against women especially the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). And, I am happy to say that from thence, there are many cases- and the number is rising by the day as courts implement the Constitutionwhich states categorically that discrimination in inheritance on the basis of gender or sex or status is prohibited discrimination in law and the Constitution.” 33. In this regard, I find that Abothuguchi/Kiija/1162, Abothuguchi/Kiija/1163 and Abothuguchi/Kiija/ 1164) is to be distributed to Josephine Karambu Murithi, Jennifer Kabaka and Joyce Muthoni M’Rwanda. 34. The upshot of this judgment is that the application by the Objector is allowed. The net estate of the deceased shall be distributed as follows: a) Nkubu Plot No. 68B to Kijiira M’Rwanda and Joyce Muthoni Muirura shall have a life interest (Jenniffer Kabaka shall hold the same in trust of Kijiira M’Rwanda). b) Abothuguchi/Kiija/1164 – Josephine Karambu Murithi (wholly). c) Abothuguchi/Kiija/1163 - Jennifer Kabaka (wholly).
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d) Abothuguchi/Kiija/1162 - Joyce Muthoni M’Rwanda (wholly) 35. This being a family matter, I make no order as to costs. It is so decreed. DATED and DELIVERED at Meru this 20th day of June, 2019. A. MABEYA JUDGE
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