Lakeview Investment Limited v Ndege & 2 others (Environment and Land Case Civil Suit 211 of 2011 & Environment & Land Case 156 of 2018 (Consolidated)) [2025] KEELC 2919 (KLR)

c. An order for cancellation of the title and registration of the 3rd defendant as proprietor of the land parcel known as LR No. 25692 situate at Mavoko Municipality in Machakos County. d. An order of specific performance against the 1st defendant to transfer the parcel of land known as LR No. 25692 situate at Mavoko Municipality to the plaintifi and in default, the Deputy Registrar of the High court do sign all the transfer or necessary documents on behalf of the 1st defendant to the plaintifi. e. Damages for breach of contract as against the 1st and 2nd defendants. f. Cost of the suit. g. Any relief that this Honourable court deems fit and just to grant. 3. The Defendants opposed the suit vide their joint statement of defence dated the 7th March 2022. 4. ELC Case No. 156 of 2018 was commenced vide a Plaint dated the 8th August 2018 and amended on 3rd December 2021. The Plaintifi therein prays for judgment against the Defendant for: a. An injunction to restrain the defendant, its servants or agents from trespassing, entering, remaining, fencing, selling, ofiering for sale, transferring, charging and/or in any way whatsoever interfering with the Plaintifi’s quiet enjoyment of property LR No.25692 – Mavoko Municipality. b. An eviction order against the defendant and its agents including demolition of the illegal structures on the suit land. c. Refund of ksh. 7,000,000/= d. An order that the oficer commanding Mlolongo Police Station to enforce. e. Mesne profits. f. General damages. g. Cost of the suit. h. Interest on (f) and (g) at court rates. 5. The Defendant in ELC Case No. 156 of 2018 opposed the suit vide its statement of defence dated the 2nd February 2022. 6. The matter proceeded for hearing where the Plaintifi in the lead suit called one witness while the Defendants had three witnesses. Evidence of the Plaintifi 7. PW1 Joseph Oduor Okwaro, who is the Plaintifi’s Director, testified that the Plaintifi purchased LR No. 25693 hereinafter referred to as the ‘suit land’, from the 1st and 2nd Defendants vide sale agreements dated the 16th November 2009 and 22nd January, 2010 respectively. He produced the Plaintifi’s bundle of documents dated the 2nd March, 2020 as P. Exhibit 1-10. 8. He claimed that at the time of executing the Sale Agreement dated the 16th November 2009, parties were in agreement that the Plaintifi was purchasing 3.598 Ha (10 acres) of the suit land at a consideration of Ksh.8 million out of which sum, it paid a deposit of ksh.1 million in cash to the 2nd https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 2

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Defendant and the balance was to be paid within a period of 180 days, from the date of execution and upon receipt of the completion documents from the 1st and 2nd Defendants. 9. He testified that the Plaintifi took possession of the suit land in January 2010 and started erecting a perimeter fence when its representatives were accosted by the 1st Defendant who ordered them to vacate the said land as she was its owner and had not sold it. 10. It was his testimony that it is the 2nd Defendant and his daughter who had signed the Sale Agreement dated the 16th November 2009 and not the 1st Defendant, who is the 2nd Defendant’s wife. Further, that upon realization, parties agreed to enter into a fresh Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 for the sale of seven (7) acres of the suit land at a consideration of Kshs. 5.6 million. 11. It was PW1’s further testimony that the Plaintifi paid the 1st and 2nd Defendants Kshs.1.2 million as deposit for the second sale agreement and the balance of ksh.4.4 million was to be paid within 180 days from the date of execution but by 13th August 2010, the Plaintifi had paid Kshs. 5,481,000/= and a further ksh.1,747,000/= was paid via Mpesa bringing the total amount paid to ksh.7,228,000/= which was more than the agreed purchase price. 12. He further testified that the 1st and 2nd Defendants breached the second Sale Agreement as they did not deliver completion documents within 180 days prompting the Plaintifi’s lawyers to write to the 1st Defendant and issue her with a twenty - one (21) days’ completion notice. 13. He claimed that while the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 was subsisting, the 1st Defendant entered into another Sale Agreement dated the 16thDecember 2010 with the 3rd Defendant without rescinding the earlier agreement. He averred that despite the fact that there was an interim order of injunction in force restraining the Defendants from dealing adversely with the suit land, the 1st Defendant transferred the suit land to the 3rd Defendant on 8th May 2012. 14. During cross examination, PW1 stated that the Plaintifi’s deposit of Kshs.1 million paid pursuant to the Sale Agreement dated the 16th November 20o9 was not refunded despite their belief that it would form part of the purchase price for the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010. It was his further testimony that, at the time of purchase, the suit land only had a Letter of Allotment thus part of the purchase price was to be used to process a title deed but they had agreed the Plaintifi would take possession immediately. 15. He contended that the Plaintifi purchased seven (7) acres at Kshs.800, 000/= per acre, so the total purchase price was Kshs.5.6 million and the completion date was to be July 2010. He revealed that the Plaintifi entered into another Sale Agreement with the 3rd Defendant, of which it was to sell subdivisions of the suit land. He insisted that the 3rd Defendant knew that the suit land did not have titles. He averred that the 1st and 2nd Defendants became jealous after they realized that the Plaintifi was selling the suit land to the 3rd Defendant at a higher price so they entered into a Sale Agreement dated the 16th December 2010 with the 3rd Defendant, yet the 2nd Defendant was well aware that the Plaintifi was purchasing the suit land, so as to sell the resultant subdivisions to third parties. PW1 confirmed that the Plaintifi undertook subdivision of the suit land in 2009 before the 2010 Sale Agreement and received Kshs. 2,650,000/= from the 3rd Defendant. 16. In reexamination, PW1 clarified that the Plaintifi undertook proposed subdivision of the suit land while awaiting for its title deed and later sought approval for selling the subdivided plots. He reiterated that the 1st Defendant neither gave the Plaintifi a termination notice of the sale agreement dated the 22nd https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 3

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January, 2010 nor completion documents despite paying the full purchase price, yet the 3rd Defendant obtained its title around 2012. Evidence of the Defendants 17. The 2nd Defendant as DW1 adopted his witness statement dated the 20th February, 2020 as his evidence in chief and produced documents contained in the Defendants’ List and Bundle of Documents dated the 3rd December 2021 as Defendants’ Exhibits No. 1-46. 18. DW1 testified that he is wrongly sued because even though he witnessed the two Sale Agreements in dispute dated the 16th November 2009 and 22nd January 2010, he was not the registered proprietor of the suit land and had no legal right to deal with it. He was aware that the Plaintifi failed to honour the terms of the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010, leading to its collapse. 19. During cross examination, DW1 stated that by consent of the parties, he received Kshs.1,7477,000/ = on diverse dates on behalf of his wife towards the Sale Agreement dated the 16th November 2009 and that he had given the Plaintifi authority to fence seven (7) acres out of the suit land for security purposes. He insisted that the Plaintifi disregarded his instructions and fenced ofi, the entire ten (10) acres following which, he wrote it a letter to inform it that it had acted contrary to the said Sale Agreement. 20. He averred that the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 was deferred by consensus of the parties pursuant to the letter dated the 12th July 2011 addressed to the District Commissioner, Athi River by the 1st Defendant, following which the 1st Defendant took control of her land. He was not sure if the Plaintifi had paid him and the 1st Defendant ksh.5,481,000/= out of ksh,5,600,000/= which was the purchase price. 21. He contended that the 1st Defendant did not breach the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010, but insisted that it is the Plaintifi that failed to pay the balance of the purchase price, of which, it was given a 21 days’ notice to complete vide a letter from messrs Mutunga advocates addressed to messrs Mwagambo & Okonjo Advocates but he did not have a copy of it in court. He confirmed that the 3rd Defendant is in possession of the suit land. It was his testimony that he refunded Kshs.200, 000/= to messrs Mwagambo & Okonjo advocates, twice. 22. DW1 denied receiving a deposit of Kshs.1 million in respect of the Sale Agreement dated the 16th November 2009 but admitted to receiving payments as enumerated on PW1’s witness statement from Nos. 2-8 contained at page 53 of the Plaintifi’s bundle. He claimed that the Plaintifi had agreed to a refund of the purchase price but later retracted. He explained that as for the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010, the Plaintifi did not pay the deposit of Ksh.1.2 million. 23. The 1st Defendant as DW2 adopted her witness statement dated the 20th February 2020 except for paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4 which she sought to recant. She denied being a party to the Sale Agreement dated the 16th November 2009 but got knowledge of it, when she found people subdividing the suit land. Further, she confirmed engaging them, culminating in her executing the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010, with the Plaintifi for the sale of the suit land. 24. She explained that the purchase price was Kshs.5.6 million comprising of a deposit of kshs.1.2 million, which the Plaintifi never paid. She however admitted that she received about Kshs.1,795 ,000/= from the Plaintifi on diverse dates between the 21st January 2010 and 18th August 2010. She insisted that the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 was not completed because she realized that the Plaintifi https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 4

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had already entered into another agreement with the 3rd Defendant and started subdividing the suit land. 25. She denied receiving any demand notice dated the 21st June 2011 and confirmed that she never gave any Notice of Termination of the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 because the Plaintifi’s agreement with the 3rd Defendant had made their agreement null and void. 26. She admitted that she entered into an agreement dated the 16th December 2010 with the 3rd Defendant and that it was finalized, the suit land was surveyed and the 3rd Defendant granted possession. She was categorical that the Plaintifi had only been authorized to fence its portion of seven (7) acres for security purposes but in total breach, it proceeded to subdivide the suit land and sell portions of it, without her consent. 27. During cross-examination, DW2 stated that her husband (2nd Defendant) was included as vendor in the agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 just as respect for him and they jointly received monies from the purchaser. It was her testimony that by the time she entered into a sale agreement with the 3rd Defendant, she had received about ksh.3 million from the Plaintifi which she verbally ofiered to refund but there was no documentation to that efiect, hence the refund issue was left in abeyance. 28. She insisted that at the time of executing the Sale Agreement of 22nd January, 2010, she did not have a title to the suit land and that she did not avail completion documents to the Plaintifi as it had not finished paying the purchase price. She however admitted that, she transferred the suit the land to the 3rd Defendant on 18th May 2012 during the pendency of this suit but explained that the transfer had been signed earlier, before the court case. 29. During reexamination, DW2 clarified that they received ksh.3 million from the Plaintifi in respect to the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010. Further, after she received a further payment of Kshs. 750,000, she realized that there were other deals happening behind their back thus she never presented completion documents to the Plaintifi. She clarified that she did not pay stamp duty as she sold the suit land to the 3rd Defendant. 30. DW3 Hussein Hassan Mohamed adopted his witness statement dated the 20th February 2020 and his further witness statement dated the 3rd December 2021 as his evidence in chief. He produced the bundle of documents dated the 3rd December 2021 as 3rd Defendant’s exhibits. It was his testimony that in late 2009, the Plaintifi’s directors approached him with a proposal to sell to the 3rd Defendant part of LR No. 25692 and LR 25693 consisting of 80 plots measuring 80 by 40 feet for Kshs. 250,000/ = each, all totaling to Kshs.20 million. 31. It was his testimony that after negotiations, they paid the Plaintifi a deposit of ksh. 2.5 million but by the time the 3rd Defendant came to know of the registered owner of the suit land, it had paid the Plaintifi Kshs.7 million, which it still retains. He claimed that the 3rd Defendant’s efiorts to fence the suit land were thwarted by the 1st and 2nd Defendants who claimed to be the registered owners following which they realized the Plaintifi had duped them, that it was the owner of the said land and collected monies from them. He testified that after consultations, the 3rd Defendant accepted to purchase the suit land directly from the 1st Defendant, who is the registered owner, thus a fresh Sale Agreement was executed on 16th December 2010 and the suit land was transferred to the 3rd Defendant. 32. During cross-examination, DW3 explained that the 3rd Defendant first purchased the 80 plots from the Plaintifi in 2009. He admitted that the 3rd Defendant did not conduct due diligence nor have a lawyer to oversee the transaction. He insisted that they paid the Plaintifi Kshs.7 million which included Kshs.2.5 million as deposit but the Plaintifi did not issue them with receipts. He claimed that the Plaintifi gave https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 5

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the 3rd Defendant a Deed Plan but the 1st and 2nd Defendants stopped it from fencing the suit land, on the basis that the 1st Defendant was owner. Further, that the 1st Defendant did not disclose she had sold the suit land to the Plaintifi. 33. It was his further testimony that when he presented the Deed Plan which the Plaintifi gave them to Mavoko Survey Ofice, they told him that the said Deed Plan was fake but he did not have correspondence to that efiect. Further, that he reverted to the Plaintifi to confirm ownership and the representatives told him that they had disagreed with the 1st and 2nd Defendants and ten (10) months later, the 3rd Defendant purchased the suit land from the 1st and 2nd Defendants pursuant to a Sale Agreement dated the 16th December 2010. 34. He clarified that the 3rd Defendant purchased the whole of the suit land, which is ten (10) acres and is currently in possession but it has fenced seven (7) acres which it has not developed. Further, that the Plaintifi is in possession of three (3) acres but the title is in the 3rd Defendant’s name. DW3 also informed the court that he lodged a complaint with the DCI and one of the directors of the Plaintifi was charged with forcible detainer in Machakos CMC Criminal Case No. E177 of 2020 but the suit was stayed pending determination of the instant suit. He confirmed that there is another criminal case filed in Mavoko against the Plaintifi’s employee, who was charged with trespass and he is the complainant. Submissions 35. The Plaintifi in its submissions dated the 24th October 2024 provided the background of the dispute herein and relied on the evidence as presented. The court was urged to make an order for specific performance as PW1 demonstrated that it paid the full purchase price in terms of the Sale Agreement with the 1st Defendant. The Plaintifi argued that the 3rd Defendant could not claim to be a purchaser for value without notice as DW3 admitted in evidence that it had previously entered into a Memorandum of Understanding dated the 25th February 2010 with the Plaintifi, wherein the Plaintifi intended to sell it several sub-plots upon the conclusion of the sale transaction between the Plaintifi and the 1st Defendant. 36. It further submitted that the allegation by the Defendants that the Plaintifi submitted a fake subdivisional scheme for approval was not backed by any evidence and that the 3rd Defendant did not exhibit any evidence indicating that it paid the Plaintifi the alleged Kshs.7 million it claims herein. It contended that since the 3rd Defendant was incorporated on 17th April 2010, it had no capacity to execute the Memorandum of Understanding dated the 25th February 2010. It urged the court to cancel the transfer between the 3rd Defendant and the 1st Defendant on the basis that it was efiected on 8th May 2012, during the pendency of the suit, which was meant to defeat justice and ofiend the doctrine of lis pendens. To buttress its averments, it relied on the following decisions: Carol Silcock v Kassim Sharifi Mohamed [2013] eKLR and Anne Njeri Mwangi v The Co-operative Bank of Kenya [2013] eKLR. 37. The Defendants in their submissions dated the 4th December 2025 also provided a background of the dispute herein and relied on the evidence as presented. They argued that the Plaintifi is not entitled to an order of specific performance as the 1st and 2nd Defendant’s agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 was vitiated due to misrepresentation and material non-disclosure being that by the time the said agreement was executed, the Plaintifi had already subdivided the suit land into 80 plots and sold the same to the 3rd Defendant. 38. They submitted that Clause 7 of their agreement provided that time was of essence and completion date was 180 days such that completion date was 21st July 2010 and if a Notice to complete dated the https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 6

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21st June 2010 was issued, it was premature. Further, that the Plaintifi made some payments on 13th August 2010, a clear act of waiver of notice. It reiterated that the Plaintifi sold the suit land to the 3rd Defendant when it had no capacity to do so as plots purportedly sold had no approvals and they purported to give completion documents, which they did not have thus the agreement is voidable at the option of the 3rd Defendant, which is entitled to mesne profits. They reiterated that parties are bound by their pleadings and the initial agreement dated the 16th November 2009 is not in issue, since it was not pleaded. 39. To buttress their averments, they relied on the following decisions: Raila Amolo Odinga & Another v IEBC & 2 Others [2017] eKLR and Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission & Anor v Stephen Mutinda Mule & 3 Others [2014] eKLR. Analysis and Determination 40. Upon consideration of the two Plaints, respective Statements of Defence, testimonies of the witnesses, exhibits and rivalling submissions, the following are the issues for determination:Whether the Plaintifi is entitled to orders of specific performance in respect to the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010.Whether the 3rd Defendant is entitled to the suit land and should evict the Plaintifi therefrom.Whether the Plaintifi is entitled to the prayers as sought in its amended Plaint dated the 31st January 2022.Whether the 3rd Defendant is entitled to the orders as sought vide its amended Plaint dated the 3rd December 2021. As to whether the Plaintifi is entitled to orders of specific performance for the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010 and if the 3rd Defendant is entitled to the suit land and should evict the Plaintifi therefrom. 41. The Plaintifi sought for various orders against the Defendants which are enumerated above. The Plaintifi’s director as PW1 claimed that vide a Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010, the Plaintifi agreed to purchase from the 1st Defendant, seven (7) acres out of the suit land at a consideration of Kshs.5.6 million out of which Kshs.1.2 million was payable upon execution and Kshs.4.4 million within 180 days, which date completion documents also became due. 42. PW1 claimed that in total breach of the contract, the 1st Defendant failed to complete the transaction and sold the suit land to the 3rd Defendant vide a Sale Agreement dated the 16th December 2010. It was DW3’s testimony that in 2009, the Plaintifi conducted a “proposed subdivision” of the suit land and entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with the 3rd Defendant to sell to it eighty (80) plots at Kshs.250, 000/= each, totaling to a consideration of Kshs.20 million, of which the 3rd Defendant paid Kshs.7 million. Further, that this was done before the Plaintifi could acquire completion documents relating to the suit land from the 1st Defendant. The Plaintifi however insisted that the 3rd Defendant was well aware that it did not have title documents to the suit land. 43. The Plaintifi has now sought for an Order of Specific performance of the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January 2010 between the 1st Defendant and itself. On perusal of the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010, as per Clause 4, the vendor was to deliver completion documents and simultaneously therewith, the purchaser was to deliver to the vendors the balance of the purchase price. While Clause 6 provided that a party was entitled to terminate the agreement upon breach of the other party, after giving a twenty (21) days’ Notice. Further, Clause 7 provided that time was of essence and the Agreement was to be completed in 180 days. 44. PW1 claimed that the Plaintifi sent out a completion notice dated the 21st June 2010 to the 1st Defendant, giving her twenty (21) days’ notice to complete the Sale Agreement. PW1 in his testimony https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 7

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insisted that the Plaintifi continued to pay the purchase price after the completion date had lapsed as evident by the acknowledgement receipt at page 30 of the Plaintifi’s bundle indicating that the 1st Defendant received Kshs. 750,000/= on the 13th August 2010. It emerged that the completion period should have been July 2010. I opine that completion notice dated the 21st June, 2010 was hence premature as the completion date contemplated in the Sale Agreement had not reached. What is bafiing is how could the Plaintifi send a completion notice then pay some more monies three months later, toward the purchase price. 45. Be that as it may, since the Plaintifi did not pursue completion further, the only remedy available to it as per Clause 6 of the Sale Agreement, was to rescind the sale and seek for a refund of the deposit as there was no evidence tendered of a written document on variation of the contract as stipulated in Clause 18 of the said Sale Agreement. Further, Clause 15 of the Sale Agreement clearly stated that delay did not constitute a waiver. In my view, I find that Clause 4 on completion was not waived by the fact that the Plaintifi continued to pay and the 1st Defendant continued to receive the purchase price. 46. In National Bank of Kenya Ltd v Pipeplastic Samkolit (K) Ltd & Another [2001] eKLR it was held as follows: “ A Court of law cannot re-write a contract between the parties. The parties are bound by the terms of their contract, unless coercion, fraud or undue infiuence are pleaded and proved.” 47. In the foregoing, while associating myself with the decision cited, I find that both the Plaintifi and the 1st and 2nd Defendants were bound by the terms of the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010 and this Court cannot rewrite the terms for them. Further, I find that all the parties breached the terms of the Sale Agreement as they failed to perform their obligations within the requisite completion period. I note the Plaintifi also proceeded to subdivide the suit land and sold plots to third parties in breach of the Sale Agreement. The Plaintifi now seeks specific performance. 48. On specific performance, in the case of Christine Nyanchama Oanda v Catholic Diocese of Homa Bay Registered Trustees [2020] eKLR, the Court held that: “ It is trite that a party seeking the equitable remedy of specific performance of a contract must show that he or she has performed all the terms of the contract which he or she has undertaken to perform whether expressly or by implication, and which he or she ought to have performed.” 49. In the case of Reliable Electrical Engineers (K) Ltd v Mantrac Kenya Limited [2006] eKLR Maraga J as he then was stated that: “ Specific performance, like any other equitable remedy, is discretionary and the court will only grant it on the well settled principles. The jurisdiction of specific performance is based on the existence of a valid, enforceable contract. It will not be ordered if the contract sufiers from some defect, such as failure to comply with the formal requirements or mistake or illegality, which makes the contract invalid or unenforceable. Even where a contract is valid and enforceable specific performance will, however, not be ordered where there is an adequate alternative remedy. In this respect damages are considered to be an adequate alternative remedy where the claimant can readily get the equivalent of what he contracted for from another source. Even where damages are not an adequate remedy specific performance may still be refused on the ground of undue infiuence or where it will cause severe hardship to the defendant.” (emphasis is mine). https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 8

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50. From the evidence before court, I find that the Plaintifi proved that he paid the 1st Defendant Kshs. 3,191,000/= though DW1 and DW2 admitted to only receiving Ksh. 1,991,ooo/= and disputed receipt of Kshs.1.2 million. From the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010, the 1st and 2nd Defendants actually admitted to receiving Kshs.1.2 million at the point of executing it and as a court I cannot disregard this point. In the foregoing, it can only be entitled to a refund of what it paid the 1st and 2nd Defendants. 51. In respect to the Agreement between the Plaintifi and the 3rd Defendant over sale of the 80 plots, DW3 admitted that the 3rd Defendant never conducted due diligence prior to purchase. DW3 claimed that the 3rd Defendant paid the Plaintifi a total of Ksh.7 million but PW1 admitted that the Plaintifi only received Kshs. 2,650,000/=. I opine that the burden of proof was upon the 3rd Defendant to prove it paid a total of Kshs. 7 million to the Plaintifi, but it has failed to discharge it. 52. From the foregoing, I opine that the Plaintifi had no capacity to sell the suit land to the 3rd Defendant as it had not acquired a full interest on the suit land to sell it as neither did it have title to the suit land nor had it completed paying the full purchase price. Further, it was also improper for it to take vacant possession before paying the full purchase price as this was contrary to Clause 10 of the Sale Agreement. I note the Plaintifi commenced subdivision of the suit land and sold plots to 3rd Defendant, yet the land did not belong to it as Letter of Allotment including Sale Agreement, which it sought to rely on did not confer any transferable interest to it. See the case of Torino Enterprises Limited v Attorney General (Petition 5 (E006) of 2022) [2023] KESC 79 (KLR) (22 September 2023) (Judgment). 53. On the issue of cancellation of the 3rd Defendant’s title as sought by the Plaintifi. I note the 3rd Defendant entered into a Sale Agreement dated the 16th December, 2010, with the 1st Defendant for purchase of the whole of the suit land. The 1st Defendant as DW2 admitted that they received the full purchase price and transferred the suit land to the 3rd Defendant in May, 2012. I note by the time the 1st Defendant was selling land to the 3rd Defendant on 16th December, 2010, the 180 days completion period for the Sale Agreement dated the 22nd January, 2010 had lapsed. 54. On proof of ownership of land, Section 26 of the Land Registration Act of 2012 provides as follows: “ 26. (1) The certificate of title issued by the Registrar upon registration, or to a purchaser of land upon a transfer or transmission by the proprietor shall be taken by all courts as prima facie evidence that the person named as proprietor of the land is the absolute and indefeasible owner, subject to the encumbrances, easements, restrictions and conditions contained or endorsed in the certificate, and the title of that proprietor shall not be subject to challenge, except— (a) on the ground of fraud or misrepresentation to which the person is proved to be a party; or (b) where the certificate of title has been acquired illegally, unprocedurally or through a corrupt scheme.Emphasis Mine https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 9

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55. In the case of Dr. Joseph Arap Ngok v Justice Moijo Ole Keiwua & 5 Others, Nai. Civil Appeal No. 60 of 1997 the court categorically declared that: “ Section 23 (1) of the then Registration of Titles Act (now reproduced substantially as Section 25 and 26 of the Land Registration Act) gives an absolute and indefeasible title to the owner of the property. The title of such an owner can only be subject to challenge on grounds of fraud or misrepresentation to which the owner is proved to be a party. Such is the sanctity of title bestowed upon the titleholder under the Act. It is our law and law takes precedence over all other alleged equitable rights of title. In fact the Act is meant to give such sanctity of title, otherwise the whole process of registration of Titles and the entire system in relation to ownership of property in Kenya would be placed in jeopardy.” Emphasis Mine 56. Based on the evidence before me while relying on the legal provisions I have cited as well as associating myself with the quoted decisions, I find that the 3rd Defendant was able to prove it legally acquired the suit land from the 1st Defendant. I opine that even though it initially had a Memorandum of Understanding with the Plaintifi dated the 25th February, 2010, since the Plaintifi was not the owner of the land and had not acquired any interest to it, it did not bar the 3rd Defendant from entering into an Agreement with the 1st Defendant who was the owner of the land. In the circumstance, I find that the 3rd Defendant is indeed the absolute proprietor of Land Reference Nos. 25692 and will proceed to uphold its title. 57. In the foregoing, I find that the Plaintifi is only entitled to a refund of purchase price including interest, which it paid to the 1st and 2nd Defendants but not to the rest of the orders as sought in the Plaint. Further, I note the Plaintifi never sought for a refund of the purchase price as per their Sale Agreement and as held in Adetonn Oladeji (NIG) Ltd v Nigeria Breweries PLC S.C. 91/2002 where Judge Pius Aderemi J.S.C expressed himself as follows: “ …..it is now a very trite principle of law that parties are bound by their pleadings and that any evidence led by any of the parties which does not support the averments in the pleadings or put in another way which is at variance with the averments of the pleadings goes to no issue and must be disregarded.” (See also the case of Raila Amolo Odinga & Another v IEBC & 2 others [2017] eKLR), I am hence unable to grant the orders of refund as it was not sought herein but direct the Plaintifi to file a fresh claim in that regard. 58. I further find that the Plaintifi should indeed grant the 3rd Defendant vacant possession of the portion of the suit land it occupies, failure of which it should be evicted therefrom. In the foregoing, I find the Plaintifi has not proved its case on a balance of probability and will proceed to dismiss ELC 211 of 2011 with no order as to costs. 59. The 3rd Defendant who is the Plaintifi in ELC 156 of 2018 had sought for refund of the purchase price being Kshs. 7,000,000/= which it paid to the Plaintifi. On the refund of the monies paid to the Plaintifi, I note except for PW1’s admission of receipt of Kshs. 2,650,000/=, the 3rd Defendant did not tender any evidence on the other payments it made. Further, the 3rd Defendant failed to tender any evidence to prove their claim for damages and mesne profits and will decline to grant them. 60. On costs, since the 1st and 2nd Defendants were responsible for the dispute herein, they should bear the costs of both the Plaintifi and 3rd Defendant. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 10

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61. In the foregoing, I find that the Plaintifi in ELC 156 of 2018 has proved its case on a balance of probability and will enter judgement in its favour in the following terms: i. An injunction be and hereby issued restraining the defendant (Lakeview Investment Limited), its servants or agents from trespassing, entering, remaining, fencing, selling, ofiering for sale, transferring, charging and/or in any way whatsoever interfering with the Plaintifi’s quiet enjoyment of property LR No.25692 –Mavoko Municipality. ii. An eviction order be and hereby issued against the defendant (Lakeview Investment Limited) and its agents including demolition of the illegal structures on property LR No. 25692 – Mavoko Municipality in 90 days. iii. The Defendant (Lakeview Investment Limited to Refund of Kshs. 2,650,000/= to the Plaintifi. iv. The oficer commanding Mlolongo Police Station to enforce order i & ii above. v. Cost of the suit awarded to the Plaintifi and Defendant (Lakeview Investment Limited) to be borne by the 1st and 2nd Defendants (Jennifer Waithira Ndege and Manwah Bwosiemo Magara) DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED VIRTUALLY AT NAIROBI THIS 27TH DAY OF MARCH 2025. CHRISTINE OCHIENG JUDGE In the presence of: Anyoka for Plaintifis in 156 of 2018 and for Defendants in 211 of 2011 Owang for Plaintifi in 211 of 2011 and for Defendant in 156 of 2018 Court Assistant: Joan https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2025/2919/eng@2025-03-27 11

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