Syke Enterprises Limited & 2 others v Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Staff Pension Scheme & 4 others

JUDGMENT 1. The suit herein was instituted vide a plaint dated October 21, 2015 and amended on 1st November 2018. It is the plainti’s case that the defendant is the registered proprietor of Land Parcel No Eldoret Municipality Block 4/332 measuring 0.0462ha with an eight story building constituting of a hotel, basement parking, restaurant, bar, accommodation rooms and other developments. By a lease dated 6th August 2013 the defendant leased the suit property and the said developments to the plainti who ran a hotel business under the name Hotel Horizon. The plainti averred that the rent payable was at a monthly rate of Kshs 1,000,000/= eective from July 1, 2013 for 20 months to be increased as follows: February 1, 2014 to February 28, 2014 at Kshs 1.5m a month, March 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 at Kshs 1.7m per month and from January 1, 2016 to 31st June 2018 at Kshs 2m a month. The plainti averred that it became apparently dicult to run a hotel business at the suit property due to the challenges they faced and communicated the same to the defendant, but no action to remedy the situation was taken. The plainti claimed that the Kenya Urban Roads Authority excavated the road fronting the hotel for road construction limiting access to the hotel by clients. That further the County Government of Uasin Gishu designated a matatu terminus at the entrance of the hotel worsening the situation for the plainti. The parties held a meeting on the May 8, 2015 and it was agreed inter alia to review the rent downwards to Kshs 1,2000,000/= per month for 2015. However, on September 14, 2015 the defendant issued the plainti with a letter rejecting the oer to review rent and demanded for Kshs 15,865,400/=. It is the plainti’s case that the defendant went against their commitment to review the rent to Kshs 1,200,000/= a month and proceeded to distress for rent through Jomoki enterprises on October 6, 2015. The plainti maintained that they suered loss and damage when the defendant further instructed Eshikoni Auctioneers on February 2, 2016 to seize her tools of trade which she had leased to Goshen Hotel. The plainti contended that the actions of the defendant and their agents were illegal, a nullity and in breach of the lease agreement and the terms of the meeting held on May 8, 2015. The plainti led the suit prays for judgement against the defendant for: a. An order of injunction restraining the defendant by itself, its agents, servants from distressing for rent or further distressing and or claiming rent at any rate other than the rent of Kshs 1,200,000/= per month for the period between June 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015. b. A declaration that the plainti does not owe the defendant any rent as at the date of ling this suit. c. A declaration that the lease agreement between the parties here has been fundamentally altered, or its terms waived by conduct of the parties and this no longer applicable to regulate the engagement between the plainti and defendant. d. General damages for the breach of contract and seizure of the plainti’s property. e. An account to determine rent paid status. f. Costs of the suit. g. Any other or further relief as the court may be pleased to grant. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 2

page 2 of 11

2. The defendant led their defence and counterclaim on the May 24, 2016, admitting the lease agreement but averred that the plainti was in default of rent since October 2014. It was the defendant’s case that there was no contractual obligation to review the rent payable for 2015 to Kshs 1,200,000/= from Kshs 1,700,000/=. The defendant admitted to inviting the plaintis to review the contract in terms of the rent payable to Kshs 1,200,000/=, however the plainti did not issue a written conrmation of receipt and acceptance of the said terms as agreed vide the letter dated May 21, 2015. The defendant averred that the said oer stood rejected and the terms of the lease dated August 6, 2013 remained in force. It was within their rights under Section 3 of the Distress for Rent Act to distress for rent arrears due on 22nd January 2015 through Jomoki Auctioneers for Kshs 8,950,000/=. As at 5th September 2015, the rent arrears stood at Kshs 15,865,400, which was communicated to the defendant vide a statement dated August 6, 2015 from Sedco Consultants. The defendant mounted a Counterclaim against the plainti, together with Jacqueline Cheptepkeny, John Korir and Hotel Horizon as the 2nd, 3rd and 4th defendants. The 2nd and 3rd defendants were said to be the guarantors of the lease executed between the plainti and defendant and therefore liable for the debt of the hotel. It was the defendant’s case that the plainti has never paid rent, taxes, service charge, deposit or legal fees when they fell due, and the same were paid though the 2nd or 3rd defendants. The plainti was said to have moved goods from the suit property on the night of January 23, 2016 in an attempt to evade paying rent and in its wake, left the premises damaged, occasioning the defendant to meet the repair costs, pay electricity and water bills. The defendant denied ever oering to review the rent on account of road construction or on account of the matatu terminus, and averred that those conditions existed prior the execution of the lease. The defendant insisted that any oer to review the rent was on account of the plainti’s nancial constraints. The defendant urged court to dismiss the plainti’s case and enter judgement against the plainti for: a. Kshs 18,975,000/= due on account of the accrued rent from July 2013 when the lease started to January 24, 2016 when the 1st defendant left the tenanted premises and Kshs 140,000/= in respect of unpaid service charge total Kshs 19,115,000/=. b. Kshs 70,000,000/= due as rent for the remainder of the lease period from January 24, 2016 to December 30, 2018 together with its attendant VAT, Kshs 11,200,000/= total Kshs 81,200,000/=. c. Kshs 15,000,000/= on account of repair costs the plainti is incurring to repair the premise upon the 1st defendant’s exit and damage inicted in its wake. d. Kshs 570,000/= due on account of the 1st defendant unpaid water, Kshs 250,000/= and electricity Kshs 320,000/= and other bills the plainti was forced to settle. e. Kshs 6,188,000/= on account of unpaid VAT taxes. f. Kshs 500,000/= on account of legal fees for the preparation of the lease. g. Interest on all above at the rate of 6% above Barclays Bank base interest rates per annum; (i) in rent from the date the rent became due, (ii) on the other claims from the date of ling of the suit in respect to the other claims of the ling of the suit. h. Costs. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 3

page 3 of 11

i. Any other or further orders and or directions the court may deem fair and just to grant. 3. The plainti led a response to the defence and counterclaim on July 14, 2016, denying that the plainti had been defaulting on rent since October 2014 and reiterated that there was a contractual obligation to review rent payable for 2015 downwards from Kshs 1,700,000/= to Kshs 1,200,000/ =. Further the plainti averred that the doctrine of estoppel was applicable in the review of the rent downwards, and that the acts of the defendant to distress for rent was illegal. The plainti mounted a defence against the counterclaim and averred that no damage was occasioned when they moved from the suit premises, and the said movement was never meant to evade paying tax and rent. The plainti urged court to dismiss the counterclaim and allow the prayers sought in the plaint as prayed. 4. During the hearing Jacqueline Korir, the plainti’s director, testied as PW1. She testied that she signed the lease agreement dated August 6, 2013 together with her husband, John Korir as plainti’s guarantors. She outlined the rent payable between the execution of the lease till its determination on December 31, 2018. It was her testimony that the plainti did not use the premises for the whole lease period because the defendant evicted them on the January 26, 2016 after distressing for rent. She stated that on November 15, 2013, the plainti requested the defendant to review the rent to Kshs 1,000,000/= as the hotel was not performing well, which was accepted by the defendant vide a letter dated February 20, 2014. On February 26, 2015, they requested the defendant to be allowed to continue paying Kshs 1,000,000/= per month, but the defendant insisted they pay Kshs 1,200,000/=, which amount the plainti paid till December 2015. The plainti did not receive any communication from the defendant on whether they had agreed to the Kshs 1,200,000/=. Nonetheless in July 2015, PW1 was issued with an auctioneer notice which sought to distress for rent, though on May 6, 2015 they had informed the defendant of the structural defects on the suit property, including; washroom ooding, electric problem, smelling rooms, low electric cables. The defendant did not respond to the letter or address the issues that had been raised that had adversely aected the plainti’s business. The witness stated that they never received the defendant’s letter dated September 16, 2015, which stated that they had not complied with the resolutions of the meeting held on May 8, 2015. PW1 stated that the business was greatly aected by the road construction in 2015 since it made the hotel inaccessible for about six months. That the customers were cancelling their bookings, as the place was muddy and there was no parking. On cross examination PW1 stated that she was a veteran in the hotel industry and was well aware of its challenges when she voluntary leased the suit property and set up Hotel Horizon. She stated that the defendant’s letter dated January 14, 2014 rejected the plainti’s request to pay Kshs 1,000,000/= per month, and that by a letter dated February 20, 2014, the plainti was allowed to pay Kshs 1,000,000/= per month up to June 2014, on condition it deposited Kshs 3,000,000/= and Kshs 500,000/= as legal fees. PW1 claimed that she never received the fee note for legal fees and admitted to making a deposit of Kshs 1,500,000/= as opposed to Kshs 3,000,000/=. She further admitted that the defendant had intimated that the plainti would revert back to paying Kshs 1,500,000/= after June 2014. In 2014, she claimed to have paid Kshs 1,000,000/= between January to July. PW1 insisted that in 2015 the rent was Kshs 1,200,000/= and not Kshs 1,700,000 and further stated that she paid Kshs 1,200,000/= from January to September. She admitted to be in rent arrears of October till December 2015, which stood at Kshs 3,600,000/=. PW1 testied that on January 26, 2015 the defendant sent auctioneers who seized items which were in a similar hotel to the one on the suit property. 5. For the defendant, Albert Kigen, the defendant’s Pension Manager, testied as DW1. He testied that the plainti had an opportunity to inspect the suit property including the road outside the hotel that was due for upgrading by the County Government and the matatu terminus that was outside the hotel before executing the lease. DW1 stated that the plainti failed to pay rent as determined in clause 6 of https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 4

page 4 of 11

the lease as well as depositing security. He testied that on May 8, 2015 the defendant oered to alter the lease agreement in terms of rent payments but the plainti never responded to the said proposal dated May 21, 2015. After the said oer was never accepted, the defendant proceeded to issue a notice for distress for rent for Kshs 15,865,400/= on September 5, 2015 and proceeded to proclaim on January 22, 2016. That after the proclamation, PW1 took advantage of the night of January 22, 2016 to vacate the premises, leaving the suit property damaged, and the defendant had to incur costs of repairs. During cross examination, DW1 stated that he was not certain if the plainti was served with the letter dated May 23, 2015, since the copy in court did not bear a received stamp by the plainti. He agreed that if the plainti never received the said letter they were not in a position to know about its compliance. DW1 further admitted to receiving letters from the plainti concerning the structural situation of the suit property, but he could neither conrm whether the said issues were acted upon by the defendant, nor establish to court the extent of damage caused on the suit property by the plainti. DW1 was also at pains to explain to the court whether the plainti was served with a notice for breach of contract, before the auctioneers were sent in to distress for rent as required by clause 14 of the lease. 6. The learned counsel for the Plainti and the defendant led their submissions dated the June 6, 2022 and June 27, 2022 respectively, which the court has given due considerations. 7. The following are the issues for the court’s determinations; 8. a. Whether the defendant failed to make good the structural defects on the hotel situated on the suit property, and if so whether that amounted to a breach of the lease terms. b. Whether the plainti failed to pay the rent when it became payable and if so, whether that amounted to a breach the lease agreement. c. Whether the plainti is indebted to the defendant in rent arrears, and if so how much. d. Whether the plainti was in arrears of rent when the distress for rent was levied. e. Which party is liable to the other in damages, and how much. f. What are the orders that commends themselves to the court. The court has considered the parties’ pleadings, evidence tendered by both sides, submissions by the learned counsel, superior courts decisions cited thereon and come to the following ndings; a. It has not been disputed that on the August 6, 2013, Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital Sta Pension Scheme, the defendant, entered into a lease agreement with Syke Enterprises Limited, the plainti, over Land Parcel No Eldoret Municipality/Block 4/332 together with the developments thereon. That clause 6 of the said lease stipulated the graduated rent payable was as follows; I July 15, 2013 to January 30, 2014 to pay Kshs 1,000,000/=, II February 1, 2014 to February 28, 2015 to pay Kshs 1,500,000/=, III March 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 to pay Kshs 1,700,000/=, https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 5

page 5 of 11

IV January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018 to pay Kshs 2,000,000/=. The rent was payable by quarterly installments together with service charge of Kshs 10,000 per month, exclusive of VAT. b. The rst request for alteration of the terms of the lease was when the plainti requested to be allowed to pay Kshs 1,000,000 on the November 15, 2013, per month due to unfavorable business environment. The defendant accepted the said alteration vide a letter dated February 20, 2014, where the board allowed the plainti to pay monthly rent of Kshs 1,000,000/= from July 15, 2013 to 30 June 2014. Thereafter, the rent was to revert back to the rent graduated in the lease agreement. Further the plainti was reminded to make a deposit of Kshs 3,000,000/= and pay legal fees as agreed in the lease agreement. The evidence available show the legal fees was not paid and the deposit made was only Kshs 1,500,000/=. c. The second request for rent alternation was made by the plainti on the May 8, 2015 and allowed by the defendant vide the letter dated May 21, 2015 for the plainti to pay rent at a rate of Kshs 1,200,000/= from January 1, 2015 to December 30, 2015 on condition that the plainti would write, sign and conrm receipt of the oer, as well as accept the said terms, and in default the parties would revert back to the lease. The defendant maintain that the plainti never adhered to the said conditions, and on September 6, 2015, they made a demand of Kshs 15,865,400 that was due as at September 5, 2015 from the plainti. The plainti claimed that the defendant never served them with the letter dated May 21, 2015 and hence they were not aware of the conditions set out therein. From the evidence available, the position taken by the plainti is far from the correct one. This is because there is a letter dated April 7, 2015 (PEX-10) from the defendant informing the plainti that the rental income has been reduced to Kshs 1,300,000/= per month exclusive of VAT and service charge, subject to conrmation from the plainti in writing within 14 days which was to be accompanied by a draft lease addendum to be approved. It was clearly stated that failure to respond to the letter in 14 days, or adhere to the said terms the oer would lapse and parties would go back to the terms of the lease. The terms of the letter dated April 7, 2015 are not far from the ones in the letter dated May 21, 2015 in as far as demanding of the plainti to put the terms altering the lease in writing. The plainti did not adhere to the said terms and the defendant was entitled to revert back to the terms of the lease as far as rent payment was concerned. In any case, both parties had voluntarily entered into the agreement of August 6, 2013 and it was the one guiding the terms of engagement, including requiring any variation to be in writing and duly executed before it can become binding. That is the essence of clause 9.5 of the lease agreement, to the eect that no amendment or modication of the lease agreement dated the August 6, 2013 shall be valid or binding on any party unless the same is made in writing and refer expressly to the lease and is signed by the parties concerned or its authorized representative(s). It went on to provide that no provision contained in the lease shall be waived or varied by https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 6

page 6 of 11

either party except by agreement in writing, which agreement if so required, shall be duly registered in the land registry at the costs of the person requesting such variation. d. It is clear to court that the only rent relief extended to the plainti was between July 15, 2013 to June 30, 2014 to pay Kshs 1,000,000/= monthly as rent. Indeed, PW1 admitted during cross examination that she did not have any evidence to conrm that the defendant had allowed her to pay rent of Kshs 1,000,000/= beyond June 2014. Further she stated that in 2015 she paid Kshs 1,200,000/= from June 2015 to September 2015 and acknowledged being in default of rent for the months of October 2015 to December 2015 amounting to Kshs 3,600,000/=. The plainti has failed to demonstrate through documentary evidence that the defendant extended the rent relief beyond June 2014. Further, the plainti has failed to justify to court as to how they arrived at paying Kshs 1,200,000/= as the rent payable, without a variation of rent payable agreement in writing in accordance with clause 9.5 of the lease agreement. The plainti appears to invite the court to rewrite the terms of the lease agreement between it and the defendant. In the case of Jiwaji versus Jiwaji [1968] EA 547, cited with approval by the Court of Appeal in Feba Radio (Kenya) Ltd t/a Feba Radio versus Ikiyu Enterprises Ltd [2017] eKLR, it was held that; “ Where there is no ambiguity in an agreement it must be construed according to the clear words by the parties.” And in the case of Pius Kimaiyo Langat versus Co-operative Bank of Kenya Ltd [2017] eKLR, the court reviewed the case law and held as follows; “ We are alive to the hallowed legal maxim that it is not the business of courts to rewrite contracts between parties. They are bound by the terms of their contracts, unless coercion, fraud, or undue inuence are pleaded and proved.” The plainti herein has not pleaded or proved coercion, fraud or undue inuence in the process of negotiating and executing the lease agreement dated the August 6, 2013 with the defendant. The Defendant was therefore entitled to demand for rent arrears calculated in accordance with the terms of the lease agreement when the Plainti failed to prepare and have signed the variation of rent oer document in 2015. e. The further, the plainti has not produced receipts that would establish that they paid all the rent throughout the year of 2015. The only documentary evidence the plainti produced to support payment of rent was an application for funds transfer dated January 29, 2015 for Kshs 2,000,000/=, and a deposit slip dated December 16, 2015 for Kshs 2,020,000/=. Indeed, PW1 admitted during cross examination that at the time the auctioneer’s distressed for rent on the January 22, 2016 the plainti had rent arrears. The plainti conceded to owing Kshs 3,600,000 for the months of October to December 2015 only. PW1 also conceded that as of June 2015 the plainti was in arrears of rent. The defendant’s position is that the arrears then stood at Kshs 15,000,000.That https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 7

page 7 of 11

distress for rent on the two occasions by Eshikoni and Jomuki auctioneers were therefore lawfully done in accordance with section 3 of the Distress for Rent Act and clause 9.3 of the lease agreement, as the Plainti was evidently in rent arrears. f. The lease agreement has detailed the developments on the suit property to include the eight storey building, hotel block with basement parking, a ground oor restaurant, mezzanine bar, sixty ensuite accommodation rooms and other developments. The defendant leased out the suit premises and the developments thereto which included 70 beds, bar counter, tted shelves, kitchen, hall tted with extractor, power generator, one lift, water heating solar belonging to the landlord. The lease was to be held for 5 years and 6 months. Clause 8 of the lease outlined the defendant’s obligations. Sub-clause 8.4 specically obligated the defendant to maintain the walls, oors, roofs and main structure of the building in a good and substantial repair and condition, together with the xtures, ttings and equipment. The defendant was also required to remedy and repair any structural defects, design defects, defects on construction workmanship and materials and any defect obtaining and owing to the construction, as well making repairs and remedies arising from any failure occasioned by the defendant to perform its obligation or by reason or fair wear and tear, on condition that the repairs will not be necessitated by the plainti’s breach or default on part of the plainti. Further the defendant was obligated under sub-clause 8.5 to pay and make good to the plainti all and every loss and damage incurred as a consequence of every breach of the said obligation, and to indemnify the plainti from any action, claim, liability, costs and expenses. The plainti also had obligations to do some specied internal repairs. The plainti has established through the letters done to the defendant that it had made reports of structural and other defects that were the cause of the challenges the hotel was facing. These letters are dated October 6, 2013, December 16, 2013, February 17, 2014, October 14, 2014 and May 6, 2015. The letters raised the following issues; leaking drainage in the basement, kitchen, dining hall, bar, conference hall and accommodation rooms, faulty water pump, low generator batteries, lack of ventilation in the dining area and accommodation rooms. In order to contain or address the said issues, the plainti did some minor repairs like repairs on the kitchen drainage, dug the terrazzo and repaired the slope to allow the ow of water, replaced shower units in the rooms and repaired some broken wardrobes. The plainti recommended that the defendant takes urgent steps and assess the plumbing and electrical systems of the entire building, nd a permanent solution to the entire building when it rains as there is ooding, leakages in the bathrooms, windows that keep coming o and provide reasonable accommodation to ensure the building is disability inclusive. The defendant only wrote back to the plainti on two occasions, that is on January 14, 2014 and February 20, 2014. On January 14, 2014 the defendant requested the plainti to submit a detailed list of all the structural defects to be rectied, and the costs implications for deliberations. The defendant vide the letter dated the February 20, 2014 promised the plainti that it would engage a consultant who would make an assessment of the building to enable the board carry out renovations and maintenance as soon as possible. It is clear that https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 8

page 8 of 11

the defendant failed to act within reasonable time or at all upon the defects reported by the plainti which must have had some negative impact on the business conducted in the premises. That though the lease agreement provided arbitration processes, none of the parties herein used that processes to address the issue of repairs or any other matter before the plainti led these suits in court. g. Individually the parties in their pleadings have pleaded damages as a result of breach. However, having found that both the Plainti and Defendant had been in breach of the lease, the next question is whether they are entitled to damages as a result of the breach complained o. As a general principle, the purpose of damages for breach of contract is, subject to mitigation of loss, the claimant is to be put as far as possible in the same position he would have been if the breach complained of had not occurred. However, where there is breach of contract, general damages are not recoverable. Therefore, neither the plainti nor the defendant are entitled to general damages on the ground that both are in breach of the lease. In the Court of Appeal, case of Kenya Tourist Development Corporation v Sundowner Lodge Limited [2018] eKLR the court stated that; “ A general rule general damages are not recoverable in cases of alleged breach of contract and that has been the settled position of law in our jurisdiction, and with good reason. In Dharamshi v Karsan [1974] EA 41, the former Court of Appeal held that general damages are not allowable in addition to quantied damages with Mustafa J.A expressing the view that such an award would amount to duplication.” h. It is trite law that special damages must not only be specically pleaded, but must also be strictly proved with as much particularity as circumstances permit. The defendant has not placed before court any invoices, receipts or even bank statements to prove the specic claims. The costs that the defendant claims to have incurred in repairing the suit property or the utility bills said to have been paid, have not been proved at all. The defendant’s evidence was in general terms without any specicity as to the losses they suered. There was no explanation given to court as to the particulars of the special damages pleaded. In my view, the defendant simply threw numbers to court and expected court to make its own assessment of what it conceives the defendant to be entitled to as special damages. The Court of Appeal stated in the case of Capital Fish Kenya Limited v The Kenya Power & Lighting Company Limited [2016] eKLR that, “ Starting with the rst issue, it is trite law that special damages must not only be specically pleaded, they must also be strictly proved with as much particularity as circumstances permit. See National Social Security Fund Board of Trustees vs Sifa International Limited (2016) eKLR, Macharia & Waiguru vs Muranga Municipal Council & Another (2014) eKLR and Provincial Insurance Co. EA https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 9

page 9 of 11

Ltd vs Mordekai Mwanga Nandwa, KSM CACA 179 of 1995 (ur). In the latter case this Court was emphatic that “… It is now well settled that special damages need to be specically pleaded before they can be awarded. Accordingly, none can be awarded for failure to plead. It is equally clear that no general damages may be awarded for breach of contract …”. The appellant apart from listing the alleged loss and damage, it did not, according to the respondent lead any evidence at all in support of the alleged loss and damage. As it were, the appellant merely threw gures at the trial court without any credible evidence in support thereof and expected the court to award them. Indeed, there was not credible documentary evidence in support of the alleged special damages.” i. Now I turn to the prayers sought in the plaint, and make a determination as to whether they are merited. The plainti’s witness PW1 admitted in her testimony that she cannot demonstrate that the plainti allowed her to continue paying Kshs 1,000,000/= rent beyond June 2014. Further to that the defendant has demonstrated that the oer to alter the rent downwards was on condition the plainti would reduce the same into writing, in line with the defendant’s letter dated April 6, 2015 and or May 21, 2015, which the plainti did not do. There is therefore no evidence presented to the court by the plainti to support their contention that the rent payable had been altered or varied as they allege. The plainti’s claim that it was not in arrears in 2015 was therefore erroneous as its calculations of the rent payable was based on the amount it had set for itself, and not in accordance with the terms set out in the lease of August 6, 2013. j. It is therefore the nding of the court that the plainti breached the lease by reason of failing to pay rent in accordance of the terms in the lease, and falling into rent arrears. The plainti’s witness, PW1, admitted on oath that the plainti had failed to pay rent as required and fallen into arrears, which cannot be entirely blamed on the defendant’s failure to repair the reported structural defects in the leased premises. The plainti’s prayer of permanent injunction against the defendant cannot therefore be allowed. The Plainti has since left the leased premises. In the case of David Mushokambere v Qwanza Homes Limited [2015] eKLR the court held that; “ The court nds that indeed, both the Plainti and the Defendant were bound by the terms of the Sale Agreements… I will refer to the case of Ripples Limited v Kamau Mucuha Nairobi High Court Civil Case Number 4522 of 1992, where the court held that, “It is trite law that a contracting party who fails to perform his part of the contract cannot obtain an injunction to restrain a breach of covenant by the other party as that would be inequitable” k. The plainti, having admitted to have been in rent arrears, should pay the outstanding amount that was due, even though it has since left the premises. The defendant has particularized the unpaid rent and service charge and prayed for it in the counterclaim to be Kshs 18,975,000, and Kshs 140,000 for https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 10

page 10 of 11

unpaid service charge, making a total of Kshs 19,115,000. The defendant has established that the plainti was to pay the legal fees for preparing the lease amounting to Kshs 500,000 and PW1 admitted that amount had not been paid. In respect to the claim for Kshs 70,000,000 being expected rent for the remainder of the lease for the period of January 24, 2016 to December 30, 2018, the court having found that the defendant was in breach of the terms of the lease by failing to attend to the reported structural defects and repairs is not entitled to that prayer. As for the claim for costs of repairs of Kshs 15,000,000, water and electricity bills totaling Kshs 570,000, no supporting documents evincing payments were availed to the court and are therefore not allowed. l. 8. That as the plainti has failed in all its prayers, and the defendant has substantially succeeded in some of the prayers in its counterclaim, then pursuant to Section 27 of the Civil Procedure Act chapter 21 of Laws of Kenya, the Plainti and other defendants in the counterclaim, will pay the defendant/ plainti in the counterclaim, the costs in both suits and counterclaim. Flowing from the foregoing determinations, the court nds and order as follows; a. That the plaintis in both Eldoret ELC No 389 of 2015 and 30 of 2016 have failed to prove their claims against the defendant on a balance of probabilities and their suits are hereby dismissed with costs. b. That the Defendant/Plainti in the counterclaim, has partially established its counterclaim in accordance with the law and the same is allowed in the following terms. i. That the plainti/1st defendant in the counterclaim do pay the defendant/plainti in the counterclaim, Kshs 19,115,000 [nineteen million one hundred fteen thousand], and Kshs 500,000 [ve hundred thousand], as prayed for under prayers (a) and (f) of the counterclaim. ii. The plainti/1st defendant in the counterclaim to pay the defendant/plainti in the counterclaim costs. It is so ordered. DATED AND VIRTUALLY DELIVERED THIS 22nd DAY OF MARCH 2023. S. M. KIBUNJA, J. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/16452/eng@2023-03-22 11

page 11 of 11