Ochieng (Suing on his Own Behalf and on Behalf of:) & 112 others v Kabarak Farm Ltd & 19 others; County Government of Trans Nzoia & 7 others (Interested Parties) (Environment & Land Petition 3 of 2017) [2022] KEELC 2982 (KLR)

JAMIN WEKESA .............................................................................. 7TH PETITIONER GODFREY WANJALA ..................................................................... 8TH PETITIONER SIMON ENGOLAN .......................................................................... 9TH PETITIONER JOSEPH OCHIENG ....................................................................... 10TH PETITIONER ALEX MALAKWEN ...................................................................... 11TH PETITIONER WYCLIFF WAFULA ...................................................................... 12TH PETITIONER STEPHEN MABOKO ..................................................................... 13TH PETITIONER FRED MUTORO ............................................................................ 14TH PETITIONER WILSON KIMONGO .................................................................... 15TH PETITIONER SIMON MATETE ........................................................................... 16TH PETITIONER WALTER LUI .................................................................................. 17TH PETITIONER FRANCIS WEKESA ....................................................................... 18TH PETITIONER PATRICK WANGIRA ................................................................... 19TH PETITIONER DISMASS WAFULA ....................................................................... 20TH PETITIONER MARGARET NASAMBU .............................................................. 21ST PETITIONER RONALD BARASA ....................................................................... 22ND PETITIONER NICKSON WEKESA ..................................................................... 23RD PETITIONER AGNES KARORI ........................................................................... 24TH PETITIONER LAZARO WEKESA MARAN ....................................................... 25TH PETITIONER JONES NASAMBU ......................................................................... 26TH PETITIONER JOEL MUNG’ARE .......................................................................... 27TH PETITIONER GRACE N. LUTURIAN ................................................................ 28TH PETITIONER LABAN WEFILA ............................................................................ 29TH PETITIONER LINET KWAMBOKA .................................................................... 30TH PETITIONER STANLEY SIATAKO ....................................................................... 31ST PETITIONER RUTH CHEPCHUMBA ................................................................ 32ND PETITIONER WILLIAM N. MARUTI ................................................................ 33RD PETITIONER PETER WANYONYI ..................................................................... 34TH PETITIONER GRACE CHEMAYEK KUTWA .................................................... 35TH PETITIONER RHODAH N. MNUPI ................................................................... 36TH PETITIONER MATAYO MWALATI ..................................................................... 37TH PETITIONER JACOB S. MSIEBEBE ..................................................................... 38TH PETITIONER https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 2

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JANE N. SUDI ................................................................................ 39TH PETITIONER FLORENCE KERUBO OMOYO .................................................. 40TH PETITIONER JUMA NYONGESA ........................................................................ 41ST PETITIONER RICHARD WEKESA WANDERA .............................................. 42ND PETITIONER EUNICE BARASA ......................................................................... 43RD PETITIONER BENSON NAMUNYU ................................................................... 44TH PETITIONER RONALD NALULWE .................................................................... 45TH PETITIONER FRED W. MAKHAPILA ................................................................ 46TH PETITIONER JOHN SIMIYU ................................................................................ 47TH PETITIONER ISAAC MKENDA ........................................................................... 48TH PETITIONER BENSON M. WASILWA ................................................................ 49TH PETITIONER CYLUS L. LUCHACHA ................................................................ 50TH PETITIONER KENNEDY W. JUMA ..................................................................... 51ST PETITIONER NANCY MUNYASIA ..................................................................... 52ND PETITIONER JAMES WANJALA ......................................................................... 53RD PETITIONER RICHARD KIMENGICH ............................................................. 54TH PETITIONER KATHLEEN K. M .......................................................................... 55TH PETITIONER PETER KITUYI MFUTI ............................................................... 56TH PETITIONER W. WANJALA ................................................................................. 57TH PETITIONER EVERLYNE LUTURIAN .............................................................. 58TH PETITIONER EDWIN NAMSHULE .................................................................... 59TH PETITIONER JANIFER SIMATWA ..................................................................... 60TH PETITIONER RAFAEL SIMATWA ....................................................................... 61ST PETITIONER PATRICK MADEGWA MATASO ................................................ 62ND PETITIONER METRINE LUSIKE ........................................................................ 63RD PETITIONER MARY N. NYONGESA .................................................................. 64TH PETITIONER AGNES MLONGO ......................................................................... 65TH PETITIONER WYCLIFFE MPALIO ..................................................................... 66TH PETITIONER ISAAC WASAI ................................................................................ 67TH PETITIONER TITUS KITUYI .............................................................................. 68TH PETITIONER TERESA KERUBO ......................................................................... 69TH PETITIONER WEKESA B. MASINDE ................................................................. 70TH PETITIONER https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 3

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JOYCE KEMUMA ........................................................................... 71ST PETITIONER TOM JOSEPH OMOYO ................................................................ 72ND PETITIONER WILKISTER MORAA ................................................................... 73RD PETITIONER LOICE NYAMBURA ..................................................................... 74TH PETITIONER WILFRED SHIRENGO ................................................................. 75TH PETITIONER JAMES NGUNGI ............................................................................ 76TH PETITIONER MARY NAFUNA ............................................................................ 77TH PETITIONER MELABI WAMBIA ......................................................................... 78TH PETITIONER DORIS BWARI ............................................................................... 79TH PETITIONER ESTHER KINUTHIA .................................................................... 80TH PETITIONER EMELDAH K. OKOTOYI .............................................................. 81ST PETITIONER EMILLY NEKESA .......................................................................... 82ND PETITIONER JOSPHAT WAFULA ...................................................................... 83RD PETITIONER JOSEPH MASIKA .......................................................................... 84TH PETITIONER ANDREW MAJIMBO ................................................................... 85TH PETITIONER ROBERT WANJALA ..................................................................... 86TH PETITIONER CALEB WANJALA ......................................................................... 87TH PETITIONER ROSELINE ONZERE ..................................................................... 88TH PETITIONER GRACE KANANU ......................................................................... 89TH PETITIONER MOURICE NYONGESA ............................................................... 90TH PETITIONER JOSEPH MHEMBERI ..................................................................... 91ST PETITIONER DAVID NYUKURI ......................................................................... 92ND PETITIONER MARK RAJA OKWARA .............................................................. 93RD PETITIONER JOHN OJIMU ................................................................................. 94TH PETITIONER HUMPHREY W. BARASA ............................................................ 95TH PETITIONER CLEOPHAS B. MAYENDE ........................................................... 96TH PETITIONER CHILSON MLUPI .......................................................................... 97TH PETITIONER NELSON SITOKI ........................................................................... 98TH PETITIONER ALICE N. WEKESA ....................................................................... 99TH PETITIONER FRANCIS SIATI ........................................................................... 100TH PETITIONER REUBEN KACHUI ....................................................................... 101ST PETITIONER KENNEDY WAFULA .................................................................. 102ND PETITIONER https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 4

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TOM SIMIYU ............................................................................... 103RD PETITIONER WAMALWA SANYANDA ........................................................... 104TH PETITIONER JOHN MAKOKHA TALEWA ..................................................... 105TH PETITIONER ERNEST POPOI ........................................................................... 106TH PETITIONER ROSELYNE KHAKASA .............................................................. 107TH PETITIONER YOHANA WAFULA .................................................................... 108TH PETITIONER JOSEPHAT MBITO ...................................................................... 109TH PETITIONER HELLEN WAFULA ...................................................................... 110TH PETITIONER PHILISTER N. NYONGESA ...................................................... 111TH PETITIONER BEN MLANGO ............................................................................. 112TH PETITIONER IRINE OMUNAKI VIHIMA ...................................................... 113TH PETITIONER AND KABARAK FARM LTD ................................................................ 1ST RESPONDENT ABMA INVESTMENT LTD ......................................................... 2ND RESPONDENT KIPSINENDE FARM LTD ........................................................... 3RD RESPONDENT LINSHIRE LTD .............................................................................. 4TH RESPONDENT SIMON MBUGUA THUNGU ...................................................... 5TH RESPONDENT KENNETH HAMISH WOOLER KEITH, DESTERIO ANDADI OYATSI & ELIZABETH KLEM (BEING SUED AS EXECUTORS OF THE ESTATE OF HON. NICHOLAS BIWOTT) .................................................................. 6TH RESPONDENT SETTLEMENT FUND TRUSTEE ............................................... 7TH RESPONDENT COMMISSIONER FOR LANDS .................................................. 8TH RESPONDENT LAND REGISTRAR, TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY .................... 9TH RESPONDENT DIRECTOR, LAND ADJUDICATION & SETTLEMENT TRANS-NZOIA COUNTY ...................................................................................... 10TH RESPONDENT COUNTY LANDS SURVEYOR, TRANS NZOIA COUNTY 11TH RESPONDENT CABINET SECRETARY FOR LANDS, HOUSING & URBAN DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................... 12TH RESPONDENT NATIONAL LAND COMMISSION .......................................... 13TH RESPONDENT INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE ...................................... 14TH RESPONDENT DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC PROSECUTIONS ............................ 15TH RESPONDENT NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF KENYA ........................................ 16TH RESPONDENT ATTORNEY GENERAL ............................................................. 17TH RESPONDENT https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 5

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CABINET SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF INTERIOR & COORDINATION ............................................................................. 18TH RESPONDENT DOMINIC K. SINGOEI, ALBERT K. TOO, WALTER K. KEMBOI (AS REPRESENTATIVES OF 205 MEMBERS OF KIMNON INVESTMENT CO) ................................................................................................. 19TH RESPONDENT KAPSITWET RIVER ESTATE LTD ......................................... 20TH RESPONDENT AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF TRANS NZOIA ................. INTERESTED PARTY AREA MP, KWANZA CONSTITUENCY ............................. INTERESTED PARTY KENYA HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION ......................... INTERESTED PARTY ELDORET EXPRESS LTD ...................................................... INTERESTED PARTY JOHN LONYANGAPUO ......................................................... INTERESTED PARTY HENRY KIPLAGAT KIPTIONY ........................................... INTERESTED PARTY JOHN PORIOT (ON OWN BEHALF AND AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF 80 OTHERS NAMED IN THE APPLICATION DATED 26/8/2017) ................................................................................. INTERESTED PARTY MOSES CHELELGO, JOB SANG & DANIEL KIBUNDO (ON OWN BEHALF AND AS THE REPRESENTATIVE OF 296 OTHERS NAMED IN THE APPLICATION DATED 24/6/2019) ..................................... INTERESTED PARTY RULING (On whether to grant an order for status quo pending Appeal) 1. 2. This is a Ruling on an Application filed by the Petitioners on 22/11/2021, also bearing the same date of filing. It was brought under Order 50 Rule 1 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 and Sections 1 and 3A of the Civil Procedure Act, Chapter 21 of the Laws of Kenya and all enabling provisions of law. The application seeks the following orders: 1) …spent 2) There upon hearing and determination this application this Honourable Court be and is hereby pleased to issue status quo orders as at 22nd November, 20201 be issued against the Respondents and Interested Parties in respect of land parcel No. LR 2046 comprised in Certificate No. IR. 318/1 situated within Trans Nzoia County that gave rise to parcels No. Kwanza/Namanjalala/Block4/1, Kwanza/Namanjalala/ Block 4/2, Kwanza/Namanjalala/ Block 4/3 Kwanza/Namanjalala/ Block 4/4 until the appeal is heard and determined. 3) That costs of this application be in the cause. The Application was based on based five (5) grounds and supported by an afidavit sworn jointly by Charles Opondo Ochieng, Nick Musungu and Bonface Makoka Telewa. The grounds were basically that judgment was delivered herein on 3/05/2021 herein the Petitioners partially succeeded as against the 6th and 20th Respondents; the Petitioners were desirous of appealing against the Respondents in https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 6

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respect of the prayers not granted in the Petition; they had filed a Notice of Appeal and requested for proceedings to enable them file the appeal in a timely manner; the Respondents who were in occupation of the parcel of land in issue were currently engaged in the subdivision of the subject parcels of land which actions would render the Appeal nugatory in let to continue hence it was in the interest of justice that the orders sought be granted. The Applicants reiterated the contents of the grounds in the Supporting Afidavit save that they annexed to it a copy of the Draft Memorandum of Appeal to evidence the fact that the intended appeal had high chances of success. 3. The 19th Respondent filed a Replying Afidavit in opposition to the Application. It was sworn by one Dominic Kipsugut Songoei on 07/02/2022. The deponent stated that he was the Chairman of Kimnon Investment Company, the 19th Respondent herein. He restated the fact that the Petitioners’/ Applicants’ claims against the 1st-6th, 7th-13th, and 16th-19th Respondents were dismissed with no order as to costs. He then stated that the order of dismissal was incapable of being stayed hence the application was incompetent and a candidate for striking out. Submissions 4. The Applicants filed written submissions dated 26/11/2021 on the same date. In them they posed a number of issues for the Court to determine. One, was whether they were entitled to orders of status quo in respect of the disputed land. They answered in the afirmative and relied on the case of Meru ELC Appeal No. 31 of 2020, Fatuma Abdi Jollo vs. Kuro Lengeson & Another, where the judge explained that when a Court orders that status quo be maintained it expects that the circumstances as at the time of the order must be maintained so as to preserve the state of afiairs. They also relied on Murithi Jon Baobab Beach Resort as cited in In the matter of an application by Saifudeen Abdullabhai & 4 others for leave to apply for judicial review and for orders of certiorari and prohibition [2013]eKLR. They then explained the reasons why, in their understanding, the intended appeal had high chances of success by highlighting on each of the proposed grounds of appeal. 5. The 19th Respondent submitted on 24/02/2022 vide a set of submissions dated 22/02/2022. In them it stated that the Applicant’s submissions were misconceived and bad in law since the order of status quo cannot obtain. It reiterated that the judgment only dismissed the Petitioners’ claim against the parties stated in the Afidavit. They then submitted that Order 42 Rule 6 of the Civil Procedure Rules only applies to situations where a matter is pending in Court for further proceedings and not where none is existing. It then submitted that the Applicants were seeking orders of injunction in respect of the parcels of land named in their application and Order 42 Rule 6 did not donate power to the Court to issue such orders pending the hearing of an appeal. It then stated that only the Court of Appeal could, in an appropriate case, issue injunctive orders under Rule 5(2) (b) of the Court of Appeal Rules. 6. They then summed it that the Court did not, in its judgment, make orders touching on the land parcels Kwanza/Namanjalala Bock 4/1, 2, 3 and 4. They stated that the Court simply dismissed the petitioners’ cases against the named Respondents and all interested parties. They then relied on the cases of West College of Arts and Applied Sciences v Orange and others (1976) KLR, 63 and Peter Anyang Nyongo & 2 Others v Safaricom Limited 92007) eKLR (sic). Analysis And Determination 7. I have carefully read through the Application and the Afidavit in support thereof, the Replying Afidavit and the submissions thereto. I have also considered the law applicable and the case law relied on by the Petitioners and other relevant case law generally. I find that the issues for determination are: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 7

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a. Whether the Applicant satisfied the requirements for grant of an order for status quo pending appeal. b. Whether to bear the costs of the Application. 8. I start with an analysis of the first issue before me, which is whether the Court should issue an order of status quo. I have anxiously considered the Application before me. If I understood the Petitioners correctly, they intend that the Court issues orders of maintenance of status quo as at 22/11/2021 in respect of the parcels of land they stated in the prayers of the Application, the grounds thereof and the supporting Afidavit because they intend to pursue and appeal in the Court of Appeal against the judgment of the Court delivered on 3/05/2021. They annexed to the supporting Afidavit both the copy of the Notice of Appeal and the Memorandum of Appeal in that regard. 9. My understanding of the law is that there is a difierence between the grant of an order of status quo and one for stay of execution of a decree pending the hearing and determination of an appeal (preferred). According to Bryan A. Garner (2019), Black’s Law Dictionary, 11th Edition, Thompson Reuters, St. Paul, MN, 1703, status quo means “state in which”, that is to say, “The situation that currently exists.” In the same Dictionary, the phrase stay of execution means the “the postponement or halting of a proceeding, judgment or the like”. They cannot be one and the same because the former relates to the state of things as obtains irrespective of others or occurrences of other things. But the latter is in respect of actions taking place, and in this regard, proceedings in a certain action. For relevance purposes, the Applicants moved this Court for issuance of the orders sought due to the fact that they had preferred an Appeal from part of the judgment of this Court. Thus, the relevant provisions thereto are in Order 42 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010. 10. I have had to distinguish the two phrases because when a party prefers an appeal from a judgment or order of a Court and wishes the execution thereof halted, he/she should file an Application for stay of execution of the order or decree. And in terms of Order 4 Rule 6(4), once a Notice of Appeal is lodged against a decision of a superior Court, it is deemed that an Appeal has been filed in the Court of Appeal. In such circumstances the Applicant then has to satisfy the conditions for grant of stay of execution of the order or decree pending appeal. But the order of status quo should not and cannot be used as a substitute for an order of stay of execution. I would state that the orders of status quo serve a special purpose in the civil law practice and procedure in comparison with those of stay of execution of a decree or order. To equate the two or treat them as one and the same thing would put the practice into confusion and call into application totally difierent principles for the grant of such diverse orders. Sufice it to say that orders of status quo serve to maintain the state of things as they are. In my view they should not be sought in situations where one would move the Court for a stay of execution. 11. In Republic vs National Environment Tribunal, Ex-parte Palm Homes Limited & Another [2013] eKLR, Odunga J. stated: “ When a court of law orders or a statute ordains that the status quo be maintained, it is expected that the circumstances as at the time when the order is made or the statute takes efiect must be maintained. An order maintaining status quo is meant to preserve existing state of afiairs...Status quo must therefore be interpreted with respect to existing factual scenario..." https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 8

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12. Also, in TSS Spinning & Weaving; Company Ltd vs Nic Bank Limited & another [2020] eKLR the court was of the view that: “ In essence therefore, a status quo order is meant to preserve the subject matter as it is/existed, as at the day of making the order. Status quo is about a court of law maintaining the situation or the subject matter of the dispute or the state of afiairs as they existed before the mischief crept in, pending the determination of the issue in contention”. 13. Similarly, in Kenya Airline Pilots Association (KALPA) vs Co-operative Bank of Kenya Limited & another [2020] eKLR, the purpose of a status quo order was explained as follows: “ ……. By maintaining the status quo, the court strives to safeguard the situation so that the substratum of the subject matter of the dispute before it is not so eroded or radically changed or that one of the parties before it is not so negatively prejudiced that the status quo ante cannot be restored thereby rendering nugatory its proposed decision.” 14. In essence Order 42 Rule 6(2) of the Civil Procedure Rules sets out the requirements to be taken account when a party seeks to stay execution of a decree or order of a Court. This, the Applicants neither met nor attempted to show except for stating that the intended appeal raises triable issues and that it would be rendered nugatory. It was not shown what triable issues these were. In any event, the orders of the Court as against the Respondents were negative ones in the sense that they entailed dismissal of the Petitioners’ claims against the Respondents hence incapable of being stayed. Again, the Applicants only merely stated on oath that the Respondents and Interested Parties were, in the recent past, engaged in subdividing the parcels of land and selling them. In my view, this blanket statement that is unsupported by way of specificity and or documentary proof is of no avail to an applicant who wishes the Court to exercise its discretion in his favour. The upshot is that the Application dated 22/11/2021 is not merited hence incapable of being granted. 15. What is left of me to decide is the second issue, which is: who to bear the costs of the instant application. As stated above, the Application dated 22/11/2021 is lost. Since costs follow the event, they shall do so in the instant circumstances. Thus, the Applicants shall bear the costs of the Application. Orders accordingly. RULING, DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT KITALE VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL THIS 21ST DAY OF JUNE, 2022. DR. IUR FRED NYAGAKA JUDGE, ELC, KITALE. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2982/eng@2022-06-21 9

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