Katsran Logistics Limited v ATC Kenya Operations Limited (Environment & Land Case 50 of 2021) [2022] KEELC 2505 (KLR)

g) That the costs of this Application be borne by the Respondent/Defendant. 2. The Applicant relied on the grounds on the face of the application and the supporting afidavit by Henry Mutua Katambo, the Plaintifi’s Managing Director sworn on 13th May 2021 where he deponed that the Plaintifi is the registered proprietor of all that land known as Title No. Chembe/ Kibabamche/390 (the suit property). 3. That sometime in the year 2010, the Defendant unlawfully and without any authority of the Plaintifi, erected a telecommunication signal tower on the suit property and that the Plaintifi’s attempts to resolve the issue amicably have only been met with diversionary tactics from the Defendant. 4. The Defendant opposed the application vide a Replying Afidavit sworn on 2nd November 2021 by Mark Lavi, its Legal Manager wherein he deposed that the Defendant entered into a lease agreement on 21st March 2016 with the owner of land title No. Chembe/Kibabamche/210 to build a telecommunications tower thereon to improve telecommunication connectivity within the area whereby the Defendant has paid rent to the said lessor as per the lease terms. 5. According to the deponent, the Defendant was ready to vacate the premises when it realized that there was a dispute over the land but the Plaintifi has since denied the Defendant entry thus frustrating their moving out. 6. Counsel agreed to canvas the application vide written submissions which were duly filed. Plaintifi ’s Submissions 7. Counsel relied on the principles for grant of injunctions as were set out in the case of Giella v Cassman Brown & Co. Limited [1973] E.A 358 and under Order 40 Rule 1 of the Civil Procedure Rules. Further counsel relied on the cases of Mrao Limited v First American Bank of Kenya Limited & 2 others; and Central Bank of Kenya & another v Uhuru Highway Development LTD & 4 others, and submitted that the Plaintifi had established a prima facie case with a high chance of success. 8. It was Mr. Barongo’s submission that the Plaintifi will sufier irreparable loss should the Defendant be allowed to continue with its activities on the suit land which loss cannot be adequately compensated by way of damages and cited the case of Tritex Industries Limited & 3 others v National Housing Corporation & Anor [2014] eKLR. 9. Counsel also stated that the balance of convenience tilts in favour of the Plaintifi having demonstrated that it is the registered proprietor of the suit property and relied on the case of Meru H.C.C.C. No. 12 of 2010: Thomas Mungiria & 9 others v Joseph Mutuma & 4 others. 10. On the issue as to whether the Defendant should deposit security, counsel submitted that the two properties mentioned herein are adjacent to each other and as per the Land Registrar’s report the said signal tower is erected on the Plaintifi’s suit property. That the Defendant has been deriving financial gain thereon and it ought to deposit the security equivalent to the mesne profits. 11. Mr. Barongo submitted that the Defendant/Respondent to deposit in this court, an amount commensurate to the prevailing commercial rates from lease of land to erect communication masts within the larger Malindi Sub-County and that the quantification of such monies can be based on rates admitted as being ofiered by the Defendant/Respondent to other lessees, subject to annual escalation rates. 12. It was counsel’s contention that the Defendant/Respondent has been paying Kenya Shillings Two Hundred and Fifty Thousand (Kshs. 250,000/-) per year whereas the prevailing rates are Kenya https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2505/eng@2022-07-19 2

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Shillings Four Hundred Thousand (Kshs. 400,000) and prayed that the Defendant/Respondent to deposit to this Honourable Court security amounts of Kenya Shillings Four Million only (Kshs. 4,000,000/-), being the average annual lease fees for ten (10) years. 13. Counsel cited the cases of Republic v Rosemary Wairimu Munene, Ex parte applicant v Ihururu Dairy Farmers Cooperative Society [2014] eKLR and Peter Muriuki Ngure v Equity Bank (K) Limited [2018] eKLR in support of the argument that costs should follow the event and urged the court to allow the application as prayed. Defendant’s Submissions 14. Counsel also submitted on the principles for grant of injunctions and stated that the principles must be considered sequentially as was held in the cases of Kenya Commercial Finance Co. LTD v Afraha Education Society [2001] 1 EA and in Export Processing Zones Authority v Kapa Oil Refineries Limited & 6 others [2014] eKLR. 15. Counsel submitted that the Plaintifi had failed to establish a prima facie case as there is a dispute on the ownership of the Suit Property which is pending determination before this Honorable Court in Judicial Review No. 3 of 2021, a suit that the Plaintifi has failed to disclose and deliberately concealed from the Court. That in absence of clarity as to who the owner of the Suit Property is, the Plaintifi cannot claim to have established a prima facie case against the Defendant. Further that no evidence has been placed before the court to show that the Plaintifi would sufier irreparable injury if an order of injunction is not granted. 16. On the issue of whose side the balance of convenience tilts, Ms Okuta submitted that the balance of convenience tilts in favour of the Defendant on the following reasons: a) The Defendant has a valid Lease with the owner of the land and is therefore within its rights to utilize the Suit Property in accordance with the Lease agreement. b) There is a dispute on the ownership of the Suit Property which is pending determination before this Honorable Court in Judicial Review No. 3 of 2021. The Plaintifi cannot therefore claim rights of proprietorship of the Suit Property while it is unclear who the owner of the Suit Property is. c) The Defendant has since vacated the premises. That the issuance of the injunction would be moot, and the Court would be issuing orders in vain. d) That the Defendant was designated as a critical infrastructure owner under the Computer Misuse and Cyber Crimes Act, which designation efiectively recognizes that the assets are essential to the security and economic well-being of the public and the efiective functioning of government. That the issuance of such an injunction would be counterproductive to the interests of the public. 17. Counsel further submitted that the Defendant has heavily invested in putting up the signal tower and cited the case of Kenya Power & Lighting Co. Ltd v Sheriff Molana Habib [2018] eKLR, whereby she stated that a permanent injunction cannot be granted at an interlocutory stage but upon hearing of a suit as it fully determines the rights of the parties. 18. On whether the Plaintifi is entitled to an order for security, counsel submitted that such an order could only be granted where it is proved that a party would be unable to pay the sums claimed and such proof was not placed before this court. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2505/eng@2022-07-19 3

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Counsel cited the case of Keystone Bank Limited & 4 others v I&M Holdings Limited & another [2017] eKLR and Tuffsteel Limited v Boleyn Magic Wall Panel Limited [2020] eKLR and urged the court to dismiss the application with costs. Analysis and Determination 19. The issue for determination is whether the Plaintifi has established a prima facie case to entitle it to a grant of an order of injunction, whether the Defendant should be ordered to deposit security an amount commensurate with the decretal amount sought by the Plaintifi and whether the Defendant should be ordered to remit all rent due for 11 years. 20. The law that governs applications for grant of interlocutory injunctions is anchored under Order 40 Rule 1 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010 which provides as follows: 1. Where in any suit it is proved by afidavit or otherwisea. That any property in dispute in a suit is in danger of being wasted, damaged, or alienated by any party to the suit, or wrongfully sold in execution of a decree, or b. That the defendant threatens or intends to remove or dispose of his property in circumstances afiording reasonable probability that the plaintifi will or may be obstructed or delayed in the execution of any decree that may be passed against the defendant in the suit, 21. The court may by order grant a temporary injunction to restrain such act, or make such other order for the purpose of staying and preventing the wasting, damaging, alienation, sale, removal or disposition of the property as the court thinks fit until the disposal of the suit or until further orders. 22. The Plaintifi has sought for a temporary and permanent injunction in the same breath. One is for a temporary injunction restraining the Defendant from meddling, interfering with the suit land and another one a permanent injunction directing the Defendant to demolish and or remove the telecommunication signal tower on the suit land. 23. I notice that, that is the same prayer that the Plaintifi has sought for in the Plaint for a permanent injunction for removal of the telecommunication signal tower erected upon the suit property. If the court grants this order of a permanent injunction, then it shall have determined the case at an interlocutory stage. 24. The court can issue mandatory injunctions at an interlocutory stage but an Applicant in addition, to establishing the existence of a prima facie case, must establish the existence of special circumstances and prove his case on a standard higher than the standard in prohibitory injunctions as was held in the case of Kenya Breweries Ltd & Another v Washington O. Okeya [2002] eKLR, the Court of Appeal stated as follows on mandatory injunctions: “ A mandatory injunction ought not to be granted on an interlocutory application in the absence or special circumstances, and then only in clear cases either where the court thought that the matter ought to be decided at once or where the injunction was directed at a simple and summary act which could be easily remedied or where the defendant had attempted to steal a march on the plaintifi. Moreover, before granting a mandatory interlocutory injunction, the court had to feel a higher degree of assurance that at the trial it would appear that the injunction had rightly been granted, that being a difierent and higher standard than was required for a prohibitory injunction.” https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2505/eng@2022-07-19 4

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25. In the present case, the Plaintifi has not established any special circumstances to warrant the granting of a mandatory injunction at this stage. In any case, the purpose of interlocutory injunctions is to preserve the substratum of the suit property and the case. 26. Courts do not grant orders in vain, the Defendant has deponed that it has since vacated the premises when it realized that there was a dispute on ownership of the suit property which is pending before this court. The Defendant’s also stated that they wanted to move but they have been denied access by the Plaintifi. It is the Plaintifi’s word against the Defendant’s on which position is the correct one. 27. On whether the Plaintifi is entitled to an order for security of the ‘decretal sum’, it was the Plaintifi’s contention that since the Defendant has been utilizing the suit property without making any payments, it should therefore deposit a security amount equivalent to the mesne profits amounting to Kshs. 4,000,000/-. There was no basis on how the Plaintifi arrived at this amount and taking into account that the Defendant entered into a lease agreement with the purported owner of parcel No. 210 of which it has been paying rent. The issue of ownership of the suit parcel of land is pending for determination before the court hence I cannot jump the gun and order for payment of rent yet that is what shall be determined upon hearing the case. The same therefore fails. 28. The issue of remittance of rent for 11 years to the Plaintifi is mute at this stage as for the court to determine whether the Defendant owes the Plaintifi any rent, other main issues have to be determined upon hearing of the main suit. 29. I have considered the application, the submissions by counsel and find that the application lacks merit and therefore dismissed with costs to the Defendant. DATED, SIGNED AND DELIVERED AT MALINDI THIS 19TH DAY OF JULY, 2022. M.A. ODENY JUDGE NB: In view of the Public Order No. 2 of 2021 and subsequent circular dated 28th March, 2021 from the Ofice of the Chief Justice on the declarations of measures restricting court operations due to the third wave of Covid-19 pandemic this Ruling has been delivered online to the last known email address thereby waiving Order 21 [1] of the Civil Procedure Rules. https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/2505/eng@2022-07-19 5

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