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ELRCPartially AllowedPetition dated March 2, 2023· [2023] KEELRC 1231 (KLR)

Namu v National Police Service Commission & 2 others (Employment and Labour Relations Petition E005 of 2023) [2023] KEELRC 1231 (KLR)

Employment and Labour Relations Court
25 May 2023
4,879 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
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The bottom line

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What this practically means

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Executive summary

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A police officer serving in Traffic duties filed a constitutional petition dated March 2, 2023 in the Employment and Labour Relations Court at Nyeri, alleging that three movements within roughly three weeks - to Kirinyaga-Kerugoya on January 23, 2023, to Rongai Sub-County (Kambi ya Moto) on February 1, 2023, and to Central Regional Headquarters, Nyeri on February 13, 2023 - violated her rights under articles 27, 41 and 47 of the Constitution and the National Police Service Commission (Transfer and Deployment) Regulations, 2015. She sought a declaration of nullity, conservatory orders and protection from further movement, charge or discrimination. The respondents denied violations, asserting the deployments were lawful exercises of the Inspector-General's mandate under section 10 of the National Police Service Act, that only one deployment occurred, that her pay point remained Kirinyaga, and that the petition was incompetent, premature for failure to exhaust internal mechanisms, and an ordinary employment dispute unfit for constitutional litigation. The court framed six issues. It held the petition met the Anarita Karimi Njeru precision threshold; that regulation 6's objection procedure applies only to Commission transfers, not deployments, so the exhaustion doctrine was not offended; that the deployments were frequent and speedy; that the January 23, 2023 movement was a transfer in disguise effected ultra vires by the Inspector-General, evidenced by amended station records and a transfer allowance; that the February 13, 2023 deployment was irrational for ignoring relevant factors including her two weeks at station and her school-going children; and that article 27 applies to police officers. The discrimination claim failed for lack of proof. The court quashed the February 13, 2023 deployment, directed the respondents not to move the petitioner except lawfully, and awarded her costs.

Key legal issues

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01

Competence of the constitutional petition

Holding

The petition met the Anarita Karimi Njeru threshold of precision

Reasoning

The court applied the Anarita Karimi Njeru standard as affirmed in Mumo Matemu, requiring a petitioner to set out with reasonable precision the complaint, the constitutional provisions infringed and the manner of infringement. On perusal, the petition clearly pleaded the complaint of frequent deployments (transfers in disguise), cited articles 27, 41 and 47, and set out detailed particulars in paragraphs 8 to 13 of the petition.

p. 10
02

Exhaustion of internal mechanisms

Holding

The petition was not premature; regulation 6 of the 2015 Regulations applies only to transfers by the Commission, not to deployments by the Inspector-General

Reasoning

The respondents argued the petitioner bypassed internal mechanisms under the Transfer and Deployment Regulations. The court read regulation 6 and found the objection procedure therein is availed only to an officer facing a transfer by the Commission. Since what was impugned were deployments by the Inspector-General, the exhaustion doctrine was not offended and the suit was properly before the court.

p. 11
03

Whether the deployments were frequent, and transfers in disguise

Holding

The deployments between January 23 and February 13, 2023 were frequent and speedy, and the January 23, 2023 deployment was in substance a transfer effected ultra vires by the 2nd respondent

Reasoning

The court examined police signals showing the petitioner was moved from Nakuru-Naivasha to Kerugoya on January 23, 2023 with records amended and a transfer allowance paid, then to Kambi ya Moto on February 1, 2023, and to Central Regional Headquarters on February 13, 2023. Amending records and paying a transfer allowance showed a transfer in substance, which is the Commission's mandate, not the Inspector-General's.

p. 11
04

Whether the February 13, 2023 deployment was irrational

Holding

Yes, it was irrational because it ignored relevant factors - that the petitioner had been only two weeks at her new station and had school-going minor children

Reasoning

Following the decision in Republic v Deputy Inspector General of Police Service ex parte Stephen Mathenge, the court held that failing to consider family obligations is a failure to consider a relevant factor rendering a decision irrational. The court took judicial notice that the Service maintains a database of officers' spouses and children, so the respondents could not claim ignorance of the petitioner's family. The lapse of only two weeks at Kerugoya was itself a material factor.

p. 12
05

Applicability of articles 27 and 41 to police officers

Holding

Article 27 applies to police officers since article 24(5) does not list it; no statute was cited disaplying article 41, and frequent deployments constitute unfair labour practices

Reasoning

Article 24(5) permits statutes to limit articles 31, 36, 37, 41, 43 and 49 for National Police Service members, but the respondents cited no such statutory provision. Article 27 is not listed at all and therefore applies fully. Although some labour statutes are disapplied to police officers, this does not strip officers of the right to fair labour practices; the Service must still consider family and children's education, especially for female officers.

p. 13

Legal principles established

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  • The power to transfer police officers rests with the National Police Service Commission; the Inspector-General may only effect temporary deployments, and circumventing this by repeatedly 'deploying' an officer whose pay point and records change is an ultra vires transfer
  • A decision made without considering a relevant factor, such as an officer's family obligations and the time already spent at a new station, is unreasonable and irrational
  • Article 27 rights are not among the rights that may be disapplied to National Police Service officers under article 24(5) of the Constitution
  • Frequent deployments that do not allow an officer to settle at a new station amount to unfair labour practices

Court orders

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  1. 1.Declaration that the deployment of the petitioner from Nakuru to Kirinyaga was in fact a transfer in disguise effected by the 2nd respondent acting ultra vires
  2. 2.Declaration that the frequent deployments, and specifically the deployment of February 13, 2023 from Kerugoya police station to Central Regional Headquarters Nyeri, is irrational and an affront to the petitioner's right to fair labour practices under article 41(1) of the Constitution, and is null, void and quashed
  3. 3.Direction that the respondents not move the petitioner from Kirinyaga-Kerugoya police station (Traffic) except as contemplated by law and without violating articles 45 and 53 of the Constitution with respect to protection of family and the right to education of her minor children
  4. 4.Award of costs of the suit to the petitioner

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Constitution of Kenya, 2010Articles 3(1), 10, 22(1), 24, 24(5)(d), 27(1), 27(2), 27(3), 27(10), 41(1), 43, 45, 47(1), 53, 246(3)
  • National Police Service Commission (Transfer and Deployment) Regulations, 2015 (Legal Notice No. 89 of 2015)Regulations 2, 3(1)(2)(3), 5(3), 6, 8(1), (2), (3), (9), paragraph 8
  • National Police Service ActSections 10, 47
  • Fair Administrative Action Act2015
  • Police Service Standing Orders

Cases cited (13)

  • Anarita Karimi Njeru v Republic
    [1979] KLR 154
  • Mumo Matemu v Trusted Society of Human Rights Alliance
    [2014] eKLR
  • Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta v Nairobi Star Publication Ltd
    [2013] eKLR
  • Republic v Deputy Inspector General of National Police Service & 32 others
    [2013] eKLR
  • Republic v Inspector General of police Exparte Cheruiyot Maiyo
    [2015] eKLR
  • Republic v Deputy Inspector General of police service & 2 others ex parte PC Stephen Mathenge
    [2015] eKLR
  • Narok County Council v Transmara County Council
    [2000] 1 EA 161
  • Peter Njeru Mugo v Nairobi City County
    [2015] eKLR
  • Republic v Sacco Societies Regulatory authority Exparte Joseph Kiprono Maiyo & 3 others
    [2017] eKLR
  • Rich Productions Ltd v Kenya Pipeline Co Ltd & another
    [2014] eKLR
  • Moffat Mwangi v National Police Service Commission & another
    [2017] eKLR
  • Council of Civil Service Union vs Minister for the Civil Service
    (1985) AC 374
  • Associated provincial Picture Houses ltd vs Wednesbury Corporation
    (1948) 1 KB 223
Jurisdiction invoked
Articles 22(1), 23, 27, 41 and 47 of the Constitution (petition alleging violation of fundamental rights and freedoms)

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Later judgments citing this (4)

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Judgments in the corpus that rely on this one. Where the Court said how it treated the authority, that is shown.

Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Namu v National Police Service Commission & 2 others (Employment and Labour Relations Petition E005 of 2023) [2023] KEELRC 1231 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2023). Petition dated March 2, 2023. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelrc/2023/1231/eng@2023-05-25

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.