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ELRCPartially AllowedCause No E007 of 2022· [2023] KEELRC 763 (KLR)

Atemba v Kakamega County Assembly Service Board & another (Cause E007 of 2022) [2023] KEELRC 763 (KLR)

Employment and Labour Relations Court
23 March 2023
7,595 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
AI-assisted case brief
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The bottom line

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A Kenyan court found a county assembly clerk never resigned, ruled his suspension extension unlawful, and ordered his reinstatement with full back pay.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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The claimant, suspended as Clerk of the Kakamega County Assembly on 6th December 2021 for 60 days to facilitate investigations, sued seeking declarations that the suspension was unfair, reinstatement, salary during suspension, twelve months' compensation, costs and interest. The respondents contended the suspension was lawful under section 22 of the County Assemblies Services Act and that the claimant had resigned by a letter dated 31st January 2022. The court framed four issues: jurisdiction, fairness of the suspension, whether the claimant resigned, and reliefs. On jurisdiction, it held the Public Service Commission had no appeal jurisdiction over County Assembly Service Board employees, as such jurisdiction would offend separation of powers and regulations cannot oust constitutional and statutory provisions. On suspension, it upheld the initial 60-day suspension as lawful under section 22, which requires no prior hearing, but found the extension of 8th February 2022 unlawful, unauthorised by the Board, punitive (half pay), and in breach of section 4(1) of the Fair Administrative Actions Act, no investigation report having been produced. On resignation, conflicting forensic reports from two qualified experts led the court to weigh the totality of evidence: the claimant promptly denounced the letter, the Board minutes suggested acceptance after his denunciation email, and the respondents never disclosed who delivered the letter. It found the claimant never resigned. The claim partially succeeded: declarations on jurisdiction, the unlawful extension and non-resignation; lifting of the suspension with immediate resumption without loss of benefits; full salary and benefits from 8th February 2022 to judgment; costs; interest; and a 14-day stay. The initial suspension was upheld and twelve months' compensation was not awarded.

Key legal issues

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01

Jurisdiction of the ELRC over claims by County Assembly Service Board employees

Holding

The court has jurisdiction; the Public Service Commission appeals framework applies to county government executive employees, not County Assembly Service Board staff

Reasoning

The jurisdiction objection surfaced only in further submissions, but the court treated it as a pure point of law. It held that extending PSC jurisdiction to County Assembly Service Boards would undermine separation of powers at both levels of government, that the County Government Act provides no clear appeal mechanism from County Assembly Service Board decisions, and that PSC regulations cannot oust constitutional and statutory provisions, applying Speaker v Karume and Rika J's decision in John Mwivithi Mutie.

p. 6
02

Lawfulness of the initial suspension and its extension

Holding

The initial 60-day suspension under section 22 was lawful, but the extension of 8th February 2022 was unlawful, unauthorised and unfair

Reasoning

The court found no prior investigation, no show-cause letter, and a Board resolution for only 60 days. There was no Board authorisation of the extension; the claimant's illness did not justify it, and half-pay suspension made it punitive. No investigation report was produced, leading to the conclusion the suspension lacked valid reasons and breached section 4(1) of the Fair Administrative Actions Act.

p. 11
03

Whether the claimant resigned

Holding

The claimant never resigned; the alleged resignation letter was not shown to be authentic and its acceptance was unlawful

Reasoning

Both experts were qualified and their reports conflicted, so the court weighed the totality of evidence. The claimant immediately denounced the letter, the minutes suggested the Board met on 10th February after his denunciation email, and the respondents never disclosed who delivered the letter. On a balance of probabilities the resignation was not genuine and accepting it without a hearing was unprocedural.

p. 14
04

Reliefs

Holding

Claim succeeded in part: declarations, lifting of suspension, resumption without loss of benefits, salary and benefits from expiry of the 60-day suspension, costs and interest

Reasoning

Having found the extension unlawful and no resignation, the court found merit in the claim. It ordered lifting of the suspension and immediate resumption of work without loss of benefits, payment of full salary and benefits from 8th February 2022 to judgment, costs and interest, with a 14-day stay. The initial suspension was nonetheless upheld, so compensation of twelve months' salary was not awarded as such.

p. 15

Legal principles established

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  • The Public Service Commission has no jurisdiction over appeals from decisions of County Assembly Service Boards concerning their employees, as regulations cannot oust constitutional and legislative provisions and this respects separation of powers
  • Section 22 of the County Assembly Services Act does not require a hearing before a 60-day suspension, which is an administrative step-aside to facilitate investigations and not the removal process under section 23
  • An extension of a fixed-term suspension not authorised by the organ that imposed it, and not based on valid reasons or an investigation report, is unlawful and contravenes section 4(1) of the Fair Administrative Actions Act
  • Where expert reports conflict, the court considers the totality of the evidence and the reasons underpinning each expert's opinion; expert opinion is not binding on the court

Court orders

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  1. 1.A declaration that section 77 of the County Governments Act, 2012 does not apply to the Petitioner and/or employees of the County Assembly Services Board and that the court had jurisdiction to determine the dispute
  2. 2.A declaration that the extension of suspension of the claimant on 8th February 2022 was unlawful and unfair
  3. 3.A declaration that the claimant did not resign from his employment with the 1st Respondent
  4. 4.An order lifting the suspension of the claimant and order of resumption of work with the 1st respondent as per his letter of employment with immediate effect without loss of benefits
  5. 5.An order that the claimant be paid his full salary and benefits from 8th February 2022 when the lawful suspension of 60 days expired to date of judgment
  6. 6.Award of costs of the claim to the claimant against the respondents
  7. 7.Interest at court rates from date of judgment until payment in full
  8. 8.Stay granted of 14 days

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Public Service ActSection 8 and the Public Service Commission (County Appeals Procedures) Regulations 2022, regulations 9 and 10
  • Public Service Commission ActSection 87(2)
  • Constitution of Kenya, 2010Articles 6, 10, 174, 175, 232, 236
  • County Government ActSections 76(6) and 77 (as referenced)
  • County Assemblies Services ActSections 20, 21, 22 and 23
  • Employment ActSection 41
  • Fair Administrative Actions ActSection 4(1)
  • County Assembly Services ActSection 23 (procedure for removal of the Clerk)

Cases cited (11)

  • Motor Vessel 'Lilian S' v Caltex Oil (Kenya) Ltd
    (1989) eKLR
  • Speaker of the National Assembly v James Njenga Karume
    [1992] eKLR
  • John Mwivithi Mutie v Speaker Kiambu County Assembly & 2 others; County Secretary Kiambu County Government & another (Interested Parties)
    [2022] eKLR
  • James Omariba Nyaoga v Chairman, County Assembly Service Board & another; County Assembly Service Board (Interested Party)
    [2021] eKLR
  • Martin Adams Wamukota Situma v The Bungoma County Assembly Service Board (CASB) and others
    Bungoma ELRC Cause No. E003 of 2021 (UR)
  • Isaac Felix Olwero v Siaya County Assembly Service Board & 2 others
    (2021) eKLR
  • Hamisi Bweni Dzila v Kwale County Assembly Service Board & 6 others
    [2022] eKLR
  • Denis Musyoka Mutui v Kwale County Assembly Service Board Kwale County Assembly
    Mombasa ELRC No. 465 of 2018
  • Routestone Ltd v Minories Finance Limited and another
  • Christopher Ndaru Kagina v Esther Mbandi Kagina and another
    (2016) eKLR
  • Shah and Another v Shah and Others
    (2003) 1 EA 290
Jurisdiction invoked
Employment and Labour Relations Court jurisdiction under the Employment and Labour Relations Act; the court held the Public Service Commission (County Appeals) procedure under section 87 of the Public Service Commission Act and the Public Service Act regulations did not apply to County Assembly Service Board employees

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Atemba v Kakamega County Assembly Service Board & another (Cause E007 of 2022) [2023] KEELRC 763 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2023). Cause No E007 of 2022. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelrc/2023/763/eng@2023-03-23

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.