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ELRCPartially AllowedPetition No 192 of 2019· [2021] KEELRC 2105 (KLR)

Douglas Katana Randu v Judicial Service Commission & another [2021] KEELRC 2105 (KLR)

Employment and Labour Relations Court
17 February 2021
5,207 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
AI-assisted case brief
·~21 min to read original · ~4 min brief

The bottom line

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Kenya's Employment Court upheld a dismissal for forged certificates, ruling fraud has no time limit, but ordered unpaid suspension allowance be paid.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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Douglas Katana Randu, a former Judiciary Italian Interpreter Clerk, petitioned the Judicial Service Commission and the Human Resource Management Advisory Committee, challenging his suspension (October 2018), disciplinary proceedings (March 2019) and dismissal (on allegations he forged his KCSE and Kenya Utalii College certificates used to obtain employment in 2001). He sought declarations that his rights under Articles 47, 50, 28, 19, 20, 21 and 25 of the Constitution were violated, quashing of the disciplinary decisions, reinstatement with back pay, and general and exemplary damages. He argued, among other grounds, that the disciplinary proceedings were time-barred under Section 90 of the Employment Act, that the hearing notice was too short, that the screening report was not supplied to him, that no witnesses were called, and that the alimentary allowance during suspension was unlawfully withheld. The Respondents maintained the dismissal was for gross misconduct proved on the balance of probabilities, that limitation does not apply to internal disciplinary proceedings, that the JSA rather than the Fair Administrative Action Act or Employment Act governed, and that a fair hearing was accorded. Nzioki wa Makau J framed three issues: limitation, infringement of rights, and remedies. He held that fraud in obtaining employment goes to the root of the employment contract and is not caught by Section 90 of the Employment Act, and that the disciplinary proceedings were within time. On the constitutional claims, he found no infringement of the fair hearing or fair administrative action rights - the short notice for the oral hearing caused no demonstrable prejudice - and declared the disciplinary proceedings, conviction and dismissal valid and constitutional. The sole lapse was the failure to pay the alimentary allowance during suspension, which the court ordered paid, with the quantum to be determined by the 1st Respondent. The Petition was largely unsuccessful; each party was ordered to bear its own costs.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether Section 90 of the Employment Act barred the disciplinary proceedings commenced long after the alleged forgery

Holding

No; limitation does not apply because forgery of employment credentials goes to the root of the employment relationship and is criminal conduct for which there is no statute of limitation

Reasoning

The court distinguished between ordinary employment-rights infringements (indiscipline), which Section 90 covers within three years, and fraudulent procurement of employment, which strikes at the validity of the contract itself. Using the illustration of an imposter applying under a false identity, the court reasoned an employer cannot be precluded from disciplining or removing an imposter merely because the fraud was discovered years later. The disciplinary process was therefore within time.

p. 4
02

Whether the Petitioner's rights under Articles 47, 50, 28, 19, 20, 21 and 25 of the Constitution were infringed

Holding

Only partially: the court found no violation of fair hearing or fair administrative action rights, but held the non-payment of the alimentary allowance denied him an entitlement under the employer's own manual

Reasoning

The court noted the Petition lacked particularity under the Anarita Karimi Njeru threshold but proceeded on the fair hearing, fair administrative action and livelihood claims. On notice, the Petitioner had 21 days to respond in writing, and a further short notice for the oral hearing occasioned no prejudice as he appeared and defended himself without claiming incapacity. The genuine lapse was the failure to pay the alimentary allowance during suspension, a right under the JSA Third Schedule and the HR Manual.

p. 4
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What remedies flow from the findings

Holding

The disciplinary proceedings, conviction and dismissal were declared valid; only the alimentary allowance was ordered to be paid, with the quantum left to the 1st Respondent's discretion

Reasoning

With the constitutional claims having failed except the alimentary allowance entitlement, reinstatement, back salaries, general and exemplary damages were not available. The court directed payment of the allowance upon determination by the 1st Respondent of the amount, noting the sum is discretionary and the court could not fix it. As the Petition was largely unsuccessful, each party bore their own costs.

p. 5

Legal principles established

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  • The limitation period in Section 90 of the Employment Act does not apply to disciplinary action founded on fraud in obtaining employment, as such misconduct goes to the root of the employment contract
  • A short notice period for a disciplinary hearing does not amount to a breach of the right to a fair hearing where the employee was aware of the charges in advance, was given time to respond in writing and appeared and defended himself without raising incapacity
  • An employer is bound to pay an employee on suspension an alimentary allowance as provided under the Judicial Service Act and the applicable HR Manual

Court orders

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  1. 1.A declaration that the Petitioner's fundamental rights and freedoms were not breached, contravened, violated or infringed under the cited Articles of the Constitution, and that the disciplinary proceedings, conviction and dismissal from service are valid and constitutional
  2. 2.That the Respondents pay the Petitioner the alimentary allowance, with the amount to be determined by the 1st Respondent
  3. 3.Each party to bear their own costs of the Petition

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Constitution of KenyaArticles 19, 20, 21, 23(3), 25, 27, 28, 47, 50, 165, 171
  • Employment ActSection 90
  • Evidence Act (Cap 80)Section 60(1)(a)
  • Interpretation and General Provisions Act (Cap 2)Section 27(1)
  • Judicial Service ActSection 32, Part V Third Schedule, Subsections 17(3), 25(4), 25(11); Regulation 25(1) Part IV Third Schedule
  • Judiciary Human Resource Policies and Procedures Manual September 2014Sections D.13.1(ii), D.4, D.7.5.2(iii), H.14
  • Fair Administrative Action ActSection 8
  • Public Service Values and Principles Act 2015Section 13(3)(b)
  • Employment and Labour Relations Court (Procedure) Rules 2016Rule 13(1)

Cases cited (16)

  • Anarita Karimi Njeru v Republic
    [1979] eKLR
  • Johnson Maghoha v East Africa Breweries Ltd
    C.A. 28 of 1982
  • Michael Maina and Another v Stanley Kigara Kagombe
    [1996] eKLR, Civil Appeal No. 109 of 1996
  • Mark Omondi v Timothy Oyodo t/a Cargo Rangers Ltd
    C.A. 39 of 1985
  • Raila Amolo Odinga & Another v Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission & 2 Others
    [2017] eKLR Election Petition 1 of 2017
  • Deynes Muriithi & 4 Others v Law Society of Kenya
    [2016] eKLR
  • Masai Mara [SOPA] v Narok County Government
    [2016] eKLR, Nairobi High Court Petition No. 336 of 2015
  • Judicial Service Commission v Mbalu Mutava & Another
    [2015] eKLR
  • Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of South Africa & Another: ex parte President of the Republic of South Africa & Others
    (CCT) 31/99) [2000] ZACC 1; 2000 (2) ZA 674
  • Petronella Nellie Chirwa v Transnet Ltd
    (2007) ZACC 23
  • Republic v Public Procurement Administrative Review Board & 3 Others ex parte Nomads Construction Limited
    [2017] eKLR
  • Republic v Commission on Administrative Justice Ex Parte Stephen Gathuita Mwangi
    [2017] eKLR
  • Attorney General & Another v Andrew Maina Githinji & Another
    [2016] eKLR
  • Judicial Service Commission v Gladys Boss Shollei & Another
    [2014] eKLR
  • R. v. Wigglesworth
    (1984), 1984 CanLII 2275 (SK CA), 11 C.C.C. (3d) 27, 7 D.L.R. (4th) 361, 38 C.R. (3d) 388 (Sask. C.A.)
  • James Mugeria Igati v Public Service Commission of Kenya
    [2014] eKLR
Jurisdiction invoked
Article 165 of the Constitution (enforcement of Bill of Rights)

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Later judgments citing this (1)

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Judgments in the corpus that rely on this one. Where the Court said how it treated the authority, that is shown.

Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Douglas Katana Randu v Judicial Service Commission & another [2021] KEELRC 2105 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2021). Petition No 192 of 2019. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelrc/2021/2105/eng@2021-02-17

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.