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ELRCDismissedNot stated in the judgment· [2020] KEELRC 70 (KLR)

Otieno v Karatina University & 2 others (Cause 6 of 2020) [2020] KEELRC 70 (KLR)

Employment and Labour Relations Court
15 July 2020
7,813 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
AI-assisted case brief
·~31 min to read original · ~4 min brief

The bottom line

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A Kenyan court upheld the dismissal of a university lecturer who secretly held a second full-time teaching job, ruling it was a conflict of interest.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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The Claimant, a Tutorial Fellow in the Department of Computer Science & Informatics at Karatina University, was employed on a one-year renewable contract in July 2017, renewed in 2018 and 2019. Following a show cause letter of 30 October 2019 alleging he held a second employment contract with Kabarak University, he faced a disciplinary hearing on 16 January 2020 and his services were terminated by letter dated 24 January 2020. He appealed, but the appeal was never heard. He sought reinstatement, a declaration of unlawful termination, maximum compensation, and other reliefs. The Respondents justified the dismissal under Regulation 26 of the Public Service Code of Ethics, maintaining the hearing was fair and that the Vice Chancellor and Council Chairman enjoyed protection under Section 66 of the Universities Act. The Court held the Claimant, as an employee of a public university, was bound by the Public Officer Ethics Act 2013 and the Public Service Code of Conduct and Ethics 2016, and that his dual full-time engagements created a real or seeming incompatibility amounting to a conflict of interest, justifying dismissal. The Court found he was accorded a fair hearing in writing and orally under Section 41 of the Employment Act, and that the failure to hear his appeal was attributable to the absence of a constituted Council, not the Respondent. Section 66 of the Universities Act shielded the 2nd and 3rd Respondents from personal liability, and they were struck off the suit. The part-time dues claim failed for non-compliance with internal claim procedures. The suit was dismissed with no order as to costs, the Court noting the Respondent used in-house counsel.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether the reason for termination was valid

Holding

The Court held the Respondent had valid reason: the Claimant held dual full-time employment contrary to the Public Officer Ethics Act, the Public Service Code of Conduct and Ethics and the University's terms and conditions of service.

Reasoning

The Claimant, employed by a public university, was bound by the Public Officer Ethics Act 2013 and the Public Service Code of Conduct and Ethics 2016. Regulation 26 prohibits a full-time public officer from other gainful employment where incompatible. Holding a lecturer position at Kabarak University while on full-time Karatina University employment created a real or seeming incompatibility between his public duties and private engagement, notwithstanding his assertion that performance and duties were unaffected.

p. 7
02

Whether the procedure was fair

Holding

The procedure was fair; the Claimant was heard both in writing and orally as required by Section 41 of the Employment Act, and the absence of an appeal hearing was not the Respondent's fault as no Council was in place.

Reasoning

The Court found the show cause letter and charge sheet set out the allegations clearly, the Claimant made written and oral representations, and the presence of the Head of Department and secretariat was explained. The pending appeal could not be heard because the Council, appointed by the Cabinet Secretary, had not been constituted, so the Claimant was entitled to approach the Court before the appeal was concluded.

p. 7
03

Personal liability of the 2nd and 3rd Respondents

Holding

The 2nd and 3rd Respondents were protected by Section 66 of the Universities Act and struck off the suit.

Reasoning

Section 66 of the Universities Act No. 42 of 2012 shields members, officers, employees and agents of a university acting bona fide from personal liability. The Vice Chancellor and Chairman of Council acted in their official capacities; the Claimant did not dispute this protection nor establish personal bias or malice. They were therefore struck off, leaving the University as sole Respondent.

p. 7
04

Entitlement to reinstatement, damages and part-time dues

Holding

All alternative reliefs were refused; the Claimant was paid salary in lieu of notice and his part-time claims failed for non-compliance with internal claim procedures.

Reasoning

Having found the dismissal justified and a fair hearing accorded, the Court declined reinstatement and compensation. The part-time dues claim failed because the Claimant did not lodge documented claims per the Respondent's internal policies, and the pension claim lay with the Pension Scheme as a separate legal entity requiring compliance with clearance procedures.

p. 7

Legal principles established

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  • A public officer holding a full-time position who takes up dual gainful employment is amenable to disciplinary action for conflict of interest even where performance is not shown to have suffered
  • Members, officers, employees or agents of a university acting bona fide are shielded from personal liability under Section 66 of the Universities Act

Court orders

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  1. 1.The 2nd and 3rd Respondents struck off the suit with no order as to costs
  2. 2.The suit against the 1st Respondent (Karatina University) dismissed with no order as to costs

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Employment Act, 2007Section 45(2)(a),(b),(c)
  • Employment Act, 2007Section 41
  • Employment Act, 2007Section 43
  • Employment Act, 2007Section 44
  • Employment Act, 2007Section 47(5)
  • Employment Act, 2007Section 49(1)(a),(b),(c) and 49(4)
  • Universities Act No. 42 of 2012Section 66
  • Public Officer Ethics Act, 2013Not specified (Regulation 26 referred)
  • The Public Service Code of Conduct and Ethics, 2016Clauses 3 and 26 (Regulation 26)
  • Constitution of KenyaArticles 10, 73, 232 (as cited within quoted authority)
  • Retirement Benefits ActNot specified
  • Karatina University Human Resource Manual/PolicyClauses 5.2, 8, 9.9.3(ii)(a),(b),(c)
  • Public Service Commission, Human Resource Policies and Procedures Manual in the Public Service, May 2016Not specified

Cases cited (16)

  • John Okelo Nagafwa v The Independent Electoral & Boundaries Commission & 2 Others
    [2013] eKLR
  • Felix Kiprono Matagei v Attorney General & 3 Others
    [2016] eKLR
  • Nicholas Mwenda M'Twaruchiu & 7 Others v Ethics And Anti-Corruption Commission & 5 Others
    [2014] eKLR
  • Bramuel Dibondo Musundi v Kenya Revenue Authority
    [2018] eKLR
  • Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital v James Kipkonga Kendagor
    [2019] eKLR
  • United Nations Appeals Tribunal, Case No. 2010-125, Frenchon v The Secretary General of the United Nations
  • Margaret A Ochieng v National Water Conservation & Pipeline Corporation
    [2014] eKLR
  • Communication Commission of Kenya & 5 Others v Royal Media Services & 5 Others
    [2015] eKLR
  • Evans Kamandi Misango v Barclays Bank Limited
    [2015] eKLR
  • Amatsi Water Services Company Ltd v Francis Shire Chachi
    [2018] eKLR
  • National Water Conservation & Pipeline Corporation v Jayne Kanini Mwanza
    Civil Appeal No. 178 of 2014 (UR)
  • Bernard Wanjohi Muriuki vs Kirinyaga Water And Sanitation Company Limited & Another
    [2012] eKLR
  • Justice Kalpana H. Rawal v Judicial Service Commission & 3 Others
    [2016] eKLR
  • Kenfreight (E.A.) Limited v Benson K. Nguti
    [2016] eKLR
  • Mrao Ltd v First American Bank of Kenya
    Msa Civil Appeal No. 39 of 2002
  • Sethi Auto Service Station & Another v Delhi Development Authority & Others
    (2009) 1 SCC 180
Jurisdiction invoked
Employment and Labour Relations Court jurisdiction under the Employment Act, 2007 (unfair termination and wrongful dismissal claim)

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Otieno v Karatina University & 2 others (Cause 6 of 2020) [2020] KEELRC 70 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2020). Not stated in the judgment. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelrc/2020/70/eng@2020-07-15

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.