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ELRCPartially AllowedPetition filed 2nd May 2014 (number not stated in judgment)· [2018] KEELRC 1975 (KLR)

Edwin Kosgei Kibor & another v Inspector General of Police & 3 others [2018] KEELRC 1975 (KLR)

High Court of Kenya
18 May 2018
8,519 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
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·~34 min to read original · ~4 min brief

The bottom line

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Kenya's High Court ruled two police officers were unfairly dismissed without notice or charges, awarding each Sh1 million general damages plus unpaid salary and costs.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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Two former Administration Police officers attached to the Rapid Deployment Unit petitioned the High Court challenging their summary dismissal from the National Police Service with effect from 29th November 2013 and the stoppage of their salaries from December 2013 to February 2014. The dispute arose from a confrontation over non-payment of subsistence and welfare allowances while the petitioners were en route to a deployment at Todonyang near the Kenya-Ethiopia border. They were recalled to Nairobi, arrived on the night of 2nd November 2013, and were summoned to Orderly Room Proceedings at 7.30 the next morning without prior notice or charges; the proceedings were adjourned indefinitely. They continued working but were served with identical summary dismissal letters signed by one P. Ndirima on behalf of the Deputy Inspector General, with the Commission apparently unaware of the dismissals as late as 15th January 2014. The court framed three issues: fair hearing, validity of the dismissal signed by an officer of undisclosed designation, and entitlement to relief. It held the dismissal violated Articles 47, 50, 41 and 246(3) of the Constitution: there was no evidence the 1st petitioner was ever subjected to Orderly Room Proceedings, the proceedings against the 2nd petitioner offended the Force Standing Orders and were a nullity, and disciplinary control under Article 246(3)(b) vested in the National Police Service Commission which was not consulted. The petition was partially allowed: declarations of violation, withheld salary (Kshs.102,178/= and Kshs.98,606/=), one month's salary in lieu of notice each, general damages of Kshs.1,000,000/= each, taxed costs and interest. Claims for salaries to retirement age and certiorari and prohibition were not granted in the terms sought.

Key legal issues

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01

Fair hearing before dismissal

Holding

The dismissal violated Articles 47(1) and (2), 50(1) and (2) of the Constitution. The petitioners were summoned to Orderly Room Proceedings the morning after arriving from a three-day journey, without prior notice or charges; the 1st petitioner does not appear in the record of proceedings at all

Reasoning

The respondents did not deny that the petitioners arrived on the evening of 2nd November 2013 and were summoned to Orderly Room Proceedings at 7.30 am the next morning without notification of charges. The Force Standing Orders require written notification of alleged offences. The proceedings against the 2nd petitioner offended natural justice, and there was no evidence the 1st petitioner was subjected to proceedings at all, rendering the dismissal a nullity.

p. 10
02

Validity of dismissal signed by an officer of undisclosed designation

Holding

The dismissal by the Deputy Inspector General contravened Article 246(3)(b) which vests disciplinary control and removal in the National Police Service Commission, and the Commission was not even aware of the dismissals

Reasoning

The letters of dismissal were signed by P. Ndirima on behalf of the Deputy Inspector General with his rank undisclosed. Under Article 246(3)(b) disciplinary control and removal of police officers is the role of the National Police Service Commission, observing due process. The Commission's own letter of 15th January 2014 showed it was unaware of the dismissals long after they were made, demonstrating no consultation and a violation of due process.

p. 12
03

Entitlement to unpaid salary and damages

Holding

The petitioners were entitled to withheld salary for November 2013 to 4th February 2014, one month's salary in lieu of notice, and general damages of Kshs.1,000,000/= each

Reasoning

Having found violations of Articles 41, 47 and 50, the court held the petitioners, whose dismissal letters were received on 4th February 2014, were entitled to salary withheld from November 2013 to that date. The court declined reinstatement-type relief given the passage of time and awarded general damages by analogy to the authorities cited, plus interest on the salary from filing and on other items from judgment.

p. 12
04

Weight of the replying affidavit of IP Cyrus Githae

Holding

The affidavit of a witness who neither presided over nor prosecuted the Orderly Room Proceedings did not rebut the petitioners' claim (argued by petitioners, not expressly decided as a standalone holding)

Reasoning

The petitioners relied on authority that an affidavit by a person who did not take the actions complained of carries little weight. IP Githae was only a witness before the proceedings and did not respond to key averments such as the duty rosters showing the petitioners worked without pay. The court instead rested its findings on the undisputed chronology and the defective record of proceedings.

p. 11

Legal principles established

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  • Police officers facing disciplinary proceedings are entitled to due process under Article 47 and Article 50 of the Constitution and the Force Standing Orders must be followed to the letter
  • Disciplinary proceedings conducted without prior notification of charges are a nullity
  • The power to exercise disciplinary control over and remove police officers vests in the National Police Service Commission under Article 246(3)(b), acting with due process and in consultation with the Service
  • Non-payment of salary to an officer who continues to work constitutes unfair labour practice and a violation of legitimate expectation

Court orders

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  1. 1.Declaration that the respondents violated the petitioners' constitutional rights under Articles 47(1) and (2), 50(1) and (2) and 41 of the Constitution
  2. 2.Payment of withheld salary from November 2013 to 4th February 2014: Kshs.102,178/= to Edwin Kosgei Kibor and Kshs.98,606/= to Linnus Oyemba Mukolwe
  3. 3.Award of one month's salary in lieu of notice to each petitioner (Kshs.32,610/= and Kshs.31,470/= respectively)
  4. 4.Award of general damages of Kshs.1,000,000/= to each petitioner
  5. 5.Respondents to pay petitioners' costs to be taxed
  6. 6.Interest on withheld salary from date of filing petition; interest on the other items from date of judgment
Jurisdiction invoked
Constitution of Kenya, 2010 (fundamental rights and freedoms enforcement jurisdiction under Articles 23, 28, 29(1), 30(1), 35(1), 41, 47, 50 and 246(3))

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Edwin Kosgei Kibor & another v Inspector General of Police & 3 others [2018] KEELRC 1975 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2018). Petition filed 2nd May 2014 (number not stated in judgment). Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelrc/2018/1975/eng@2018-05-18

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.