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ELRCPartially AllowedCause No. 122 of 2013 (Consolidated with Cause No. 121 of 2013)· [2016] KEELRC 856 (KLR)

Grace Achieng Okanga & another v South Nyanza Sugar Company Limited [2016] KEELRC 856 (KLR)

Employment and Labour Relations Court
16 June 2016
2,024 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
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The bottom line

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Kenya's Employment Court ruled the dismissals were fair, but the employer still had to pay salaries it withheld during the disciplinary process.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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Two consolidated claims by former employees of South Nyanza Sugar Company Limited alleged unfair termination following a KPMG forensic audit into abuse of the sugar transportation process. The Claimants were show-caused, interdicted on half pay, then suspended without pay, and ultimately terminated on 16th August 2010 on grounds of 'loss of faith and gross negligence of duty.' They sought declarations of unfair termination, reinstatement, withheld salaries, damages to retirement age, and costs. The court found the facts undisputed: both Claimants admitted approving certificates of completed assignments at rates higher than those in the relevant transport contracts, relying on previous certificates without independent verification. The court held there was valid reason for disciplinary action; the discrepancy between the show-cause grounds (intent to defraud) and the termination grounds (negligence) caused no prejudice since culpability rested on a less serious ground. The allegation of procedural unfairness by the Ad-hoc Committee failed for lack of evidence, the Claimant having admitted no objection at the hearing and not sought production of the minutes. Reinstatement was unavailable being time-barred three years after termination and unsupported by proof of unfairness. The discrimination claim failed both on proof and because it was pleaded only in the verifying affidavit. Anticipatory salaries to retirement were refused. The court awarded the 1st Claimant Kshs.755,955 and the 2nd Claimant Shs.826,695 as withheld salary, holding terminated employees entitled to all monies withheld during disciplinary processes, with each party bearing its own costs.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether termination was substantively unfair

Holding

There was valid reason to take disciplinary action as the Claimants admitted approving certificates with rates higher than the contracts; the lesser ground in the termination letters (negligence rather than intent to defraud) caused no prejudice

Reasoning

The court found the facts undisputed: the Claimants approved certificates of completed assignments at rates different from the governing contracts, relying on previous certificates without independent confirmation or raising the discrepancy with superiors, which constituted negligence. The unproved element of intent to defraud did not prejudice them since culpability was found on a less serious ground. Their own admissions established valid reason for termination.

p. 3
02

Whether the disciplinary procedure complied with natural justice

Holding

The 2nd Claimant was not prejudiced by the alleged hostility of the Ad-hoc Committee; no sufficient evidence proved mistreatment

Reasoning

The minutes of the ad-hoc committee were not availed, the Claimant admitted not raising objections at the hearing, and the determination was largely based on the KPMG Forensic Report. The court held the Claimant should have applied for production of the minutes if he alleged irregularity, and found no sufficient evidence of hostility or denial of an opportunity to present his case.

p. 3
03

Entitlement to withheld salary during interdiction and suspension

Holding

The Claimants were entitled to all withheld salary as the termination letter promised payment of salary earned to date of termination, and they were terminated rather than dismissed

Reasoning

The evidence showed the Claimants were not paid withheld salary for the interdiction and suspension period despite the termination letter promising payment of salary earned up to and including 16th August 2010. The court held this was a renege on that promise and that terminated (as opposed to dismissed) employees are entitled to all monies withheld during the disciplinary process.

p. 4
04

Whether anticipatory damages to retirement age were recoverable

Holding

Such damages are not available; an employment relationship is not a commercial relationship and no contract is intended to bind until retirement

Reasoning

Adopting the reasoning in Abraham Gumba v Kenya Medical Supplies Authority, the court held that legislative limits on compensatory awards reflect a balance between employers, employees and national socio-economic interests which the court should not extend. Additionally, sections 35 and 49 of the Employment Act provide for termination notice and remedies, and the Claimants had not proved unfair termination in any event.

p. 4

Legal principles established

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  • Where an employee is terminated and not dismissed, they are entitled to all monies withheld during the disciplinary process
  • Reinstatement as a remedy for unfair termination is only available within three years of termination and only where unfair termination is proved
  • A claimant must prove less favourable treatment compared with other employees to establish discrimination

Court orders

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  1. 1.Payment to the 1st Claimant of withheld salary of Kshs.755,955
  2. 2.Payment to the 2nd Claimant of withheld salary of Shs.826,695
  3. 3.Each party to bear its own costs

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Employment Actsection 35
  • Employment Actsection 49

Cases cited (1)

  • Abraham Gumba v Kenya Medical Supplies Authority
    [2014] eKLR
Jurisdiction invoked
Employment and Labour Relations Court jurisdiction over claims of unfair termination of employment

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Grace Achieng Okanga & another v South Nyanza Sugar Company Limited [2016] KEELRC 856 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2016). Cause No. 122 of 2013 (Consolidated with Cause No. 121 of 2013). Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelrc/2016/856/eng@2016-06-16

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.