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ELCPartially AllowedEnvironment & Land Case E15 of 2021· [2023] KEELC 19977 (KLR)

Omar v Rotich & 3 others

Environment and Land Court
22 September 2023
2,487 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
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The bottom line

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A Kenyan court allowed a landowner to fix a paperwork mistake mid-trial, showing courts will prioritise justice over technical objections.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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This ruling of the Environment and Land Court at Nakuru (FM Njoroge, J) determines the plaintiff's Notice of Motion dated 5 May 2023 seeking review and/or variation of the court's order of 24 April 2023, which had upheld the 1st, 2nd and 4th defendants' objection to the production of an uncertified copy of grant No. IR 47995 in respect of LR No. 13287/34, marking it as PMFI 6. The plaintiff, who purchased the suit property (Njoro/Ngata Block 27/20, formerly LR No. 13287/34) in 2004 and was registered in 2005, explained that he had surrendered the original grant to the Chief Land Registrar for conversion, and had filed only an uncertified copy. After the ruling, he obtained a certified copy from the Chief Land Registrar on 4 May 2023 and filed it on 8 May 2023. The 2nd and 4th defendants opposed, arguing no grounds for review existed, that the document is a public document producible only by its maker under Sections 35 and 38 of the Evidence Act, that any error was one of law appealable rather than reviewable, and that the court was functus officio. The court, applying Section 80 of the Civil Procedure Act and Order 45 Rule 1, and the Shanzu Investments authority on 'any other sufficient reason', held that although no new evidence or apparent error was shown, the plaintiff's procurement of the certified copy - the very defect underlying the objection - constituted sufficient reason to vary the order. The application was allowed in terms of prayer 1, with costs in the cause.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether the plaintiff demonstrated sufficient cause for review of the order of 24/04/2023

Holding

The plaintiff demonstrated sufficient reason for review because the objection was premised solely on lack of certification and he has now availed a certified copy of the grant

Reasoning

The court restated the three grounds of review under Section 80 CPA and Order 45 Rule 1. Although the plaintiff showed neither discovery of new evidence nor error apparent on the face of the record, review may lie for any other sufficient reason. Since the defendants' objection was founded only on the document being uncertified, and the plaintiff subsequently obtained a certified copy from the Chief Land Registrar, varying the order caused no prejudice and served the interest of justice.

p. 5

Legal principles established

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  • Review may be granted under the third ground of 'any other sufficient reason', which need not be analogous to the other enumerated grounds of review

Court orders

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  1. 1.The plaintiff's application dated 5/05/2023 is allowed in terms of prayer No. 1
  2. 2.The order issued by the court on 24th April 2023 is reviewed and/or varied to the extent that the certified copy of grant number IR 47995 in relation to LR No. 13287/34, as contained in the plaintiff's list and bundle of documents filed on 8th May 2023, is deemed properly filed and produced in evidence as plaintiff's Exhibit number 6
  3. 3.The costs of the application shall be in the cause

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Civil Procedure ActSections 1A, 1B, 3A, 80
  • Civil Procedure RulesOrder 45 Rules 1, 2; Order 50 Rule 1
  • Evidence ActSections 35, 38, 68, 79, 80, 81
  • Constitution of KenyaArticle 50; Article 159(2)(d)

Cases cited (11)

  • Richard Kipkemei Limo v Hassan Kipkemboi Ngeny & 4 Others
    [2019] eKLR

    relied on by plaintiff in support of review and production of certified copy of grant

  • Safaricom Limited v Josenga Company Limited & 4 Others
    [2021] eKLR

    relied on by plaintiff on the interest of justice in admitting documents

  • Re Estate of the late Alice Nyambura Wainaina (deceased)
    [2021] eKLR

    relied on by plaintiff in support of the application

  • Jemima Moraa Sobu v Trans National Bank Limited
    [2016] eKLR

    relied on by plaintiff in support of the application

  • Republic v Public Procurement Administrative Review Board & 2 others
    [2018] eKLR

    grounds for review under Section 80 CPA and Order 45 Rule 1

  • Shanzu Investments Limited v Commissioner for Lands
    Civil Appeal No 100 of 1993

    'any other sufficient reason' need not be analogous with the other grounds of review

  • Ajit Kumar Rath v State of Orisa & Others
    9 Supreme Court cases 596

    relied on by 4th defendant on the threshold for review

  • Pancras T. Swai v Kenya Breweries Limited
    [2014] eKLR

    relied on by 4th defendant against the review application

  • Canon Assurance (K) Ltd v Ali Hamadi Mwagude & 4 Others
    [2017] eKLR

    relied on by 4th defendant that the application circumvents rules of evidence

  • Abasi Belinda v Fredrick Kangwamu and another
    [1963] EA 557

    relied on by 4th defendant on the limits of review

  • Menginya Salim Murgani v Kenya Revenue Authority
    [2014] eKLR

    relied on by 4th defendant on the limits of review

Jurisdiction invoked
Sections 1A, 1B, 3A and 80 of the Civil Procedure Act; Order 45 Rules 1, 2 and Order 50 Rule 1 of the Civil Procedure Rules; Sections 68, 79, 80 and 81 of the Evidence Act; Article 50 of the Constitution

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Omar v Rotich & 3 others", Case Analysis (2023). Environment & Land Case E15 of 2021. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2023/19977/eng@2023-09-22

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.