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ELCPartially AllowedEnvironment & Land Case 15 of 2021 (formerly Migori ELCC No. 660 of 2017 consolidated with Migori ELCC No. 146 of 2017)· [2022] KEELC 14824 (KLR)

Otieno & 2 others v Aoko (Sued on his own and as the legal administrator of the Estate of Elizafan Aoko Gumbo)

Environment and Land Court of Kenya
15 November 2022
2,627 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
AI-assisted case brief
·~11 min to read original · ~4 min brief

The bottom line

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A Kenyan land court refused to add an eviction order it had left out of its judgment, but paused the judgment's enforcement while the losing side appeals.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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This ruling of the Environment and Land Court at Homa Bay (GMA Ongondo, J) determined two competing notices of motion arising from the court's judgment of 28 April 2022 in a land dispute over LR No. Kamagambo/Kongundi/1111. The defendant sought review of limb (b) of the judgment under section 80 of the Civil Procedure Act and Order 45 of the Civil Procedure Rules, contending that the eviction order prayed in his amended plaint of 19 January 2017 had been inadvertently omitted, and sought consequential eviction orders with police assistance. The plaintiffs opposed, arguing the application offended sections 152B and 152G of the Land Act on eviction notices and that eviction could not be granted in the manner sought. Separately, the plaintiffs sought stay of execution of the judgment, including the permanent injunction limbs, pending an intended appeal to the Court of Appeal, having lodged a notice of appeal. The court framed a single issue: whether each party had satisfied the conditions for the orders sought. It dismissed the defendant's review application, finding no merit in it, and granted the plaintiffs' stay application, applying the cumulative triple conditions in Order 42 rule 6(2), citing Kenya Shell, Butt, Trust Bank and Doshi Iron Mongers. The stay was conditional on the plaintiffs depositing Kshs 30,000/- as security within 30 days, failing which the stay lapses automatically. Costs of both applications were ordered to abide the appeal.

Key legal issues

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01

Review of judgment under section 80 of the Civil Procedure Act and Order 45(1) of the Civil Procedure Rules

Holding

The defendant's review application failed; the court found no merit in the claim that the eviction order was inadvertently omitted from the judgment

Reasoning

The court set out the statutory framework for review under section 80 of the Civil Procedure Act and Order 45(1), noting review requires new and important matter, mistake or error apparent on the face of the record, or other sufficient reason. It also noted the plaintiffs had lodged an appeal, and that the court has power under sections 99 and 100 to correct apparent errors. On balance it found the 1st application lacking merit.

p. 4
02

Stay of execution pending appeal under Order 42 rule 6(2)

Holding

Stay of execution of the judgment and decree of 28 April 2022 granted pending the intended appeal, conditional on security of Kshs 30,000/-

Reasoning

The court applied the triple cumulative conditions in Order 42 rule 6(2): since an appeal had been preferred via notice of appeal, the plaintiffs would suffer substantial loss if stay were denied; the 30-day delay in filing the application was reasonable under Order 50 rules 2, 3 and 8; and security for due performance was required, drawing on Kenya Shell, Butt and Doshi Iron Mongers.

p. 5
03

Eviction under the Land Act

Holding

Eviction orders could not issue as sought; the court noted the eviction provisions of the Land Act and the plaintiffs' grounds of opposition on mandatory notice requirements

Reasoning

The court observed that the eviction order sought in the amended plaint targets section 152A of the Land Act, which prohibits unlawful occupation of private, public and community land. The plaintiffs had objected that the application offended sections 152B and 152G requiring proper notice before eviction, and that eviction could not be sought in the manner proposed. The application was ultimately dismissed for lack of merit.

p. 4

Legal principles established

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  • The conditions for stay of execution under Order 42 rule 6(2) of the Civil Procedure Rules are cumulative in nature
  • No party is exempt from providing security for the due performance of a judgment or decree
  • Grant of stay of execution is discretionary and depends on the particular circumstances of the case

Court orders

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  1. 1.The 1st application (defendant's notice of motion dated 23 May 2022) dismissed
  2. 2.Prayer 3 of the 2nd application granted: stay of execution and/or implementation of the judgment and decree dated 28 April 2022, including the limbs issuing permanent injunction, pending the hearing and determination of the intended appeal to the Court of Appeal
  3. 3.The plaintiffs to deposit security in court of Kshs 30,000/- within 30 days, failing which the stay of execution order lapses automatically
  4. 4.Costs of the 1st and 2nd applications to abide the appeal deemed duly lodged at the Court of Appeal

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Land Actsections 152A, 152B, 152G
  • Civil Procedure Act (cap 21)sections 75, 76, 80, 99, 100
  • Civil Procedure Rules, 2010Order 45 rule 1; Order 42 rule 6(2) and (4); Order 50 rules 2, 3 and 8; Order 51 rule 16
  • Constitution of Kenya, 2010articles 48 and 50(1)
  • Environment and Land Court Actsections 3 and 13(7)(a)
  • Environment and Land Court Practice Directions, 2014practice direction number 33

Cases cited (10)

  • Zablon Mokua-vs-Solomon M Choti and 3 others
    (2016) eKLR

    Review under section 80 and Order 45 of the Civil Procedure Rules

  • IEBC and another-vs-Stephen Mutinda Mule and 3 others
    (2014) eKLR
  • John Gilbert Ouma-vs-Kenya Ferry Services
    (2021) eKLR
  • Bonface Kariuki Wahome-vs-Peter Nziki Nyamai and another
    (2019) eKLR
  • Butt-vs-Rent Restriction Tribunal
    (1979) eKLR

    Stay of execution is discretionary and depends on circumstances; undoubted right of appeal

  • Kenya Shell Ltd-vs-Kibiru and another
    (1986) eKLR

    Substantial loss where stay of execution is not granted

  • Nairobi Women's Hospital-vs-Purity Kemunto
    (2018) eKLR
  • Trust Bank Limited-versus-Ajay Shah and 3 others
    (2012) eKLR

    Triple conditions for stay of execution are cumulative

  • Doshi Iron Mongers Ltd-vs-Kenya Revenue Authority and another
    (2020) KLR

    No party is exempt from providing security for due performance of judgment

  • Charles Karathe Kiarie and 2 others-vs-Administrator of the estate of Waliace Mathare (deceased) and 2 others
    2020 KLR

    Court's power to correct apparent errors in its judgment, ruling or orders

Jurisdiction invoked
Sections 3 and 13(7)(a) of the Environment and Land Court Act, 2015; sections 80 and 99-100 of the Civil Procedure Act and Order 45 of the Civil Procedure Rules, 2010

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Otieno & 2 others v Aoko (Sued on his own and as the legal administrator of the Estate of Elizafan Aoko Gumbo)", Case Analysis (2022). Environment & Land Case 15 of 2021 (formerly Migori ELCC No. 660 of 2017 consolidated with Migori ELCC No. 146 of 2017). Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2022/14824/eng@2022-11-15

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.