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ELCDismissedJudicial Review Motion dated 6th September 2017· [2019] KEELC 4249 (KLR)

Adan Dada Roba (Administrator of the Estate of Dadacha Roba Tulus) v National Land Commission & 2 others [2019] KEELC 4249 (KLR)

Environment and Land Court
1 March 2019
4,672 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
AI-assisted case brief
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The bottom line

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Kenya's Environment and Land Court confirmed that ignoring an official invitation to a National Land Commission hearing cost a landowner his title challenge.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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The ex-parte applicant sought certiorari to quash a decision of the National Land Commission gazetted on 17th July 2017 revoking his title to LR No. 11969/215, and prohibition restraining the County Government of Marsabit from enforcing the revocation. He argued the decision breached natural justice, violated Section 14(4) of the National Land Commission Act and Article 47 of the Constitution, was unreasonable, tainted with bias, and was made in defiance of a stay order issued in NBI JR 188 of 2017. The court first held that the gazettement was the embodiment of the Commission's decision and thus amenable to certiorari. However, on the merits it found no violation of natural justice: the applicant had been invited by letter to a public hearing, informed of his right to legal representation and to lodge documents, but neither he nor his advocate attended, and the hearing concluded ex parte. The document suggesting predetermination emanated from the Marsabit County Land Management Board, not the Commission, and the applicant failed to prove it was adopted wholesale. On illegality, the stay order was never properly served - oral notification being insufficient - and it lapsed when the NBI JR 188 of 2017 file was closed for failure to file a substantive motion. On Wednesbury unreasonableness, the revocation was rational since the land had been reserved as a cemetery and was unavailable for private allocation; no evidence of bias was adduced. The motion was dismissed with costs.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether the gazette notice constituted a decision capable of being quashed

Holding

Yes - the gazettement was the embodiment of the Commission's decision and was amenable to certiorari

Reasoning

The 1st respondent argued that the gazette notice merely communicated a decision. The court rejected this, reasoning that without gazettement the decision would not be effective, and that decisions of the Registrar of Titles communicated by gazette notices have previously been nullified by courts. The ground of opposition itself betrayed that a decision had been made.

p. 2
02

Whether natural justice was breached by failure to hear the applicant or furnish documents

Holding

No breach proved - the applicant was invited to a hearing with rights of representation but failed to attend or respond

Reasoning

The court found the applicant was invited by letter dated 6/2/2017 to a hearing on 9/3/2017 (later 21/4/2017), informed of his right to legal representation and to submit documents, but neither he nor his advocate attended. The un-dated Board recommendation attached to a 2016 county letter was not shown to emanate from the Commission, so predetermination was unproved. The demand for the Board's recommendation was a sideshow irrelevant to the complaint he faced.

p. 4
03

Whether the proceedings were conducted in defiance of an existing court order

Holding

No - the stay order in NBI JR 188 of 2017 was never properly served and lapsed when that file was closed

Reasoning

The applicant's counsel only orally informed the Commission of the stay order, no copy of the order accompanied the letter, and the order was made in the Commission's absence at the leave stage. Further, the applicant conceded he had not been enjoined in NBI JR 188 of 2017, which was closed for failure to file a substantive motion; the interim stay could not survive that termination. The Commission was entitled to conclude its process.

p. 6
04

Whether the decision was unreasonable (Wednesbury) and tainted with bias

Holding

Neither unreasonableness nor bias was established

Reasoning

The Commission had jurisdiction under Section 14 to review grants and dispositions, and its finding that the suit land was reserved as a cemetery and not available for private allocation was consonant with its findings, not absurd. On bias, the court scoured the verifying affidavit in vain for evidence of bias and the submissions did not address the issue, so it was not proved.

p. 6

Legal principles established

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  • A gazette notice communicating a statutory determination constitutes the embodiment of a decision capable of being quashed by certiorari
  • Where an applicant is afforded a sufficient opportunity to be heard and fails to take it, no breach of natural justice arises
  • An investigating/administrative body need not conduct a formal hearing provided it acts fairly; what matters is sufficiency of opportunity to answer the case
  • A court order made in a party's absence at the leave stage of judicial review must be properly served; oral notification is insufficient service
  • Unreasonableness is tested against the Wednesbury standard

Court orders

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  1. 1.The applicant's judicial review motion dated 6/9/2017 is dismissed with costs

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Constitution of Kenya 2010Article 47
  • National Land Commission ActSection 14(1)
  • National Land Commission ActSection 14(3)
  • National Land Commission ActSection 14(4)
  • Constitution of Kenya 2010Article 68(c)(v)

Cases cited (6)

  • Republic v National Land Commission & 2 others Ex Parte Archdiocese of Nairobi Kenya Registered Trustees (St. Joseph Mukasa Catholic Church Kahawa West)
    [2018] eKLR (Miscellaneous Civil Application 266 of 2017)
  • The Management Committee of Makondo Primary School and Another vs. Uganda National Examination Board
    HC Civil Misc Application No.18 of 2010
  • Mandeep Chauhan v Kenyatta National Hospital & 2 others
    [2013] eKLR
  • Selvarajan vs. Race Relations Board
    [1976] 1 All ER 12
  • Republic Vs National Land Commission & Another Ex Parte Hellen Kemunto Obaga
    [2018] eKLR
  • Associated Provincial Picture Houses, Ltd. -vs- Wednesbury Corporation
    [1947] 2 All E.R 680
Jurisdiction invoked
Judicial review jurisdiction of the High Court/Environment and Land Court over administrative action under Article 47 of the Constitution and the National Land Commission Act, Section 14

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Adan Dada Roba (Administrator of the Estate of Dadacha Roba Tulus) v National Land Commission & 2 others [2019] KEELC 4249 (KLR)", Case Analysis (2019). Judicial Review Motion dated 6th September 2017. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keelc/2019/4249/eng@2019-03-01

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.