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Court of AppealDismissedCivil Application E463 of 2023· [2023] KECA 1672 (KLR)

Odula v Wanjiku & 2 others

Court of Appeal
15 December 2023
852 words in judgment
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The bottom line

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What this practically means

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Executive summary

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This is a ruling of the Court of Appeal at Nairobi (D. K. Musinga, M. S. Asike-Makhandia and Mumbi Ngugi, JJA) dismissing an application under rule 5(2)(b) of the Court of Appeal Rules for stay of execution pending an intended appeal. The underlying dispute concerns a medical negligence claim in which the Chief Magistrates' Court awarded the 1st respondent Kshs.12,682,119 jointly and severally against the applicant and two co-defendants. The applicant's appeal to the High Court (J. K. Sergon, J), principally on the ground that he was held jointly and severally liable for two surgical procedures although he participated in only one, was dismissed on 31st March 2023. The decretal sum had been deposited in a joint interest-earning account as security. The applicant sought stay, arguing he had an arguable appeal and that the 1st respondent would withdraw the deposited funds and be unable to refund them if the intended appeal succeeded. The 1st respondent opposed, contending that the High Court's dismissal produced no positive order capable of execution and that the applicant was improperly seeking to stay the trial court's judgment. The Court held, consistently with its settled jurisprudence (Western College of Arts and Applied Sciences v E P Oranga and Oliver Collings Wanyama v Engineers Board of Kenya), that stay orders cannot issue in respect of negative orders. It further held that the intended appeal lies against the first appellate court's judgment, not the trial court's, so the Court could not stay orders not issued by the first appellate court. The application was dismissed with costs to the 1st respondent. This ruling binds subordinate courts and confirms that rule 5(2)(b) stay jurisdiction attaches only to positive orders of the court whose decision is the subject of the intended appeal.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether stay of execution may issue in respect of a negative order

Holding

No. Stay orders cannot issue where the superior court has not ordered performance of any duty or task; the High Court having dismissed the appeal, there was no positive order to stay.

Reasoning

The Court reaffirmed its settled line of authority that stay orders only issue against positive orders requiring performance of a duty. The High Court had dismissed the appeal, so its judgment was a negative order incapable of execution. Counsel for the applicant conceded no positive order was issued. The application therefore failed on this settled principle.

02

Whether the Court of Appeal could stay the trial court's judgment where the intended appeal is against the first appellate court's judgment

Holding

No. The intended appeal is against the first appellate court's judgment, and the Court cannot address itself to orders not issued by that court.

Reasoning

The applicant sought to stay the trial court's judgment, but the intended appeal to the Court of Appeal challenges the High Court's judgment dismissing the first appeal. Since the Court's jurisdiction on stay under rule 5(2)(b) attaches to the decision under appeal, it could not stay orders of the trial court, which was not the subject of the intended appeal.

Legal principles established

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  • Stay orders cannot issue in respect of negative orders, that is, where a superior court has not ordered the performance of any duty or task.
  • An appellate court cannot stay orders that were not issued by the court whose judgment is under challenge in the intended appeal.

Court orders

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  1. 1.Dismissal of the applicant's notice of motion dated 6th October 2023
  2. 2.Applicant to bear the 1st respondent's costs of the application

Authorities

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Legislation

  • Court of Appeal Rulesrule 5(2)(b)

Cases cited (2)

  • Western College of Arts and Applied Sciences v E P Oranga & 3 Others
    [1976] eKLR

    Authority that stay orders cannot issue in respect of negative orders.

  • Oliver Collings Wanyama v Engineers Board of Kenya
    [2019] eKLR

    Authority that stay orders cannot issue in respect of negative orders.

On appeal from
High Court of Kenya at Nairobi
Civil Appeal No. E178 of 2021
Jurisdiction invoked
Rule 5(2)(b) of the Court of Appeal Rules

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Odula v Wanjiku & 2 others", Case Analysis (2023). Civil Application E463 of 2023. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keca/2023/1672/eng@2023-12-15

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.