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Court of AppealDismissedCivil Appeal No. NYR 79 of 2019· [2021] KECA 747 (KLR)

Benson Mugo Mukunya v Samuel Mwanganu Thuku & 8 others

Court of Appeal of Kenya
19 March 2021
1,510 words in judgment
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The bottom line

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Kenya's Court of Appeal confirmed that judicial review is no longer limited to the old remedies, and refused to pause the case because the appeal had no real chance of success.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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This is a ruling of the Court of Appeal (Koome, M'inoti and Murgor, JJ.A.) on a motion dated 23rd May 2019 by Benson Mugo Mukunya seeking a stay of proceedings in Nakuru High Court Judicial Review Application No. 53 of 2013, pending his intended appeal against a ruling of Ngugi, J dated 28th February 2019. The underlying judicial review, concerning leadership wrangles in Nanga Kihoto (Naivasha) Ltd, had been compromised in 2016, after which the parties recorded consent orders preserving assets and conducting supervised elections, which the applicant lost. He contended that once the application was compromised, no further applications or orders could issue, and that judicial review was confined to certiorari, mandamus and prohibition. The High Court dismissed those contentions, holding that the 2010 Constitution and the Fair Administrative Action Act expanded judicial review. The Court of Appeal applied the two-limb test for stay of proceedings from Githunguri v Jimba Credit Corporation Ltd (No. 2): arguability and nugatory-ness. It held the intended appeal was not arguable, since binding Supreme Court authority in Communications Commission of Kenya v Royal Media Services confirms that judicial review now has constitutional underpinning and transcends common law technicalities. Even if arguable, the appeal would not be rendered nugatory, as the applicant had actively participated in the proceedings since 2016 and his own discreditable conduct barred him from equitable relief. The application was dismissed in its entirety with costs to the 1st to 7th respondents. The decision does not disturb the High Court ruling itself, being an interlocutory application, but it affirms the expanded, constitutionally grounded scope of judicial review.

Key legal issues

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01

Whether judicial review remedies are limited to certiorari, mandamus and prohibition

Holding

No. The 2010 Constitution and the Fair Administrative Action Act expanded judicial review beyond the traditional common law remedies; the High Court may grant constitutional remedies under Article 23(3).

Reasoning

The court relied on its own prior decisions and on the Supreme Court's holding in Communications Commission of Kenya v Royal Media Services that the 2010 Constitution elevated judicial review beyond common law technicalities. Because decisions of the Supreme Court bind all courts under Article 163(7), the applicant's contention that only the traditional orders can issue was not arguable. The court affirmed that constitutional, statutory and common law judicial review now co-exist, with the latter subsumed into the constitutional framework.

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02

Whether the test for stay of proceedings was met

Holding

No. The intended appeal was not arguable, and in any event the applicant, an active participant in the proceedings since 2016, would suffer no prejudice; nor could he benefit from an equitable remedy given his conduct.

Reasoning

The court applied the two-limb Githunguri test: arguability and nugatory-ness. The arguability limb failed because the central issue ran against binding Supreme Court authority. On the nugatory limb, the applicant had actively participated in the post-compromise applications and consent orders, including losing an election under court supervision, so no prejudice was shown. His approbation and reprobation - participating when convenient and disowning orders when not - disentitled him to equitable relief.

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Legal principles established

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  • To obtain a stay of proceedings, the applicant must show the intended appeal is arguable and that failure to stay would render the appeal nugatory.
  • Under the Constitution of Kenya 2010, judicial review is no longer confined to the common law remedies of certiorari, mandamus and prohibition; the High Court may grant the extended constitutional remedies.
  • A party whose own conduct has been deplorable cannot benefit from the equitable remedy of stay of proceedings.

Court orders

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  1. 1.Application for stay of proceedings dismissed in its entirety
  2. 2.Costs of the application awarded to the 1st to 7th respondents
On appeal from
High Court of Kenya at Nakuru
Judicial Review Application No. 53 of 2013
Jurisdiction invoked
Appellate jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal; application for stay of proceedings pending appeal against the ruling of the High Court

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Benson Mugo Mukunya v Samuel Mwanganu Thuku & 8 others", Case Analysis (2021). Civil Appeal No. NYR 79 of 2019. Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keca/2021/747/eng@2021-03-19

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.