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Court of AppealPartially AllowedCivil Appeal (Memorandum of Appeal dated 14th April 2006, lodged at Kisumu sub-Registry on 19th April 2006)· [2008] KECA 320 (KLR)

Kenya Tea Development Agency Ltd v Benson Ondimu Masese T/A B. O. Masese & Co. Advocates

Court of Appeal of Kenya
11 July 2008
3,011 words in judgment
View original judgmentRead on Kenya Law Watch case
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The bottom line

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Kenya's Court of Appeal confirmed a company was liable for defaming a lawyer in a complaint letter, but slashed the payout from Sh10 million to Sh1.5 million.

What this practically means

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Executive summary

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The respondent advocate sued the appellant company over a letter dated 10th July 2003 written by the appellant's Managing Director to the Advocates Complaints Commission, which portrayed the respondent as among unscrupulous lawyers notorious for soliciting business near tea factories in Kisii, Nyamira and Gucha districts and engaged in fraudulent claims. The High Court at Kisumu (Barabara Tanui, J), in a judgment delivered on 28th October 2005 after the appellant's adjournment application was refused and the suit proceeded exparte, found the letter defamatory and awarded general damages of Kshs 7,000,000 and exemplary damages of Kshs 3,000,000, with costs and interest. The appellant appealed on nine grounds, principally that the trial was unprocedural, that the letter was a privileged complaint to the Commission, that no defamation was proved, and that the damages were inordinately excessive. The Court of Appeal (Tunoi, Onyango Otieno and Aganyanya, JJA) found no fault with the refusal of the adjournment, holding it a discretionary decision. On liability, it held the allegations libellous and unjustified, publication having been admitted in the defence, and malice easy to impute since the claims referred to had been settled. However, applying the principles in Jones v Pollard as approved in Gicheru and comparing comparable awards, the Court held the award too high given that the publication was confined to the Complaints Commission. It allowed the appeal in part, set aside the awards, substituted a composite award of Kshs 1,500,000 with interest from the date of the superior court judgment, made no separate exemplary award, gave the appellant half the costs of the appeal, and awarded the respondent costs in the superior court.

Key legal issues

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01

Refusal of adjournment and exparte trial

Holding

The refusal of the adjournment was a proper exercise of the trial judge's discretion and provided no basis for setting aside the judgment.

Reasoning

Counsel sent to hold brief applied for an adjournment because lead counsel was testifying in Nairobi. The judge refused without giving reasons but must have found the grounds untenable. The Court held the judge was exercising discretionary powers and found no sufficient reason to fault the decision. Nor did the unprosecuted application to set aside the exparte proceedings assist the appellant, since the judgment itself was not the subject of that application.

p. 4
02

Liability in defamation

Holding

The letter to the Advocates Complaints Commission was defamatory; liability was properly found against the appellant.

Reasoning

The letter imputed that the respondent was unscrupulous, notorious for soliciting business and engaged in fraudulent claims. Publication was admitted in the defence. Claims referred to in the letter had in fact been settled, some by consent, making it easy to impute malice, and the appellant had recklessly published without checking the truth. The allegations were libellous and unjustified and the respondent was entitled to compensation.

p. 5
03

Quantum of damages

Holding

The award of Kshs 10,000,000 (general and exemplary) was inordinately high and was reduced to a composite Kshs 1,500,000 with no separate exemplary damages.

Reasoning

Applying the principles in Jones v Pollard as approved in Gicheru, the Court considered that the publication was confined to the Advocates Complaints Commission and not to the world at large, only two letters were written about the respondent, who had been in practice for only eight years. Compared with comparable awards, the trial judge's award did not reflect a correct estimate of damages. Interest was to run from the date of the superior court judgment.

p. 6

Legal principles established

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  • On a first appeal the Court of Appeal will not lightly disturb a trial judge's exercise of discretion in refusing an adjournment absent sufficient reason to fault the decision.
  • The measure of damages for defamation is a solatium and vindication, assessed by reference to the objective features of the libel, including the gravity and circulation of the publication.
  • The Court of Appeal will interfere with an award of damages where it is so high that it does not reflect a correct estimate of the proper damages in the circumstances, including the limited circulation of the defamatory publication.

Court orders

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  1. 1.Appeal allowed to the extent of setting aside the awards made by the superior court.
  2. 2.Substituted composite award of Kshs 1,500,000/= general damages to the respondent in place of the Kshs 10,000,000/= (general plus exemplary) award.
  3. 3.No separate award of exemplary damages.
  4. 4.Award to bear interest at court rates from the date of the superior court judgment.
  5. 5.Appellant awarded half (½) costs of the appeal.
  6. 6.Respondent to have costs of the appeal in the superior court.
On appeal from
High Court of Kenya (Superior Court) at Kisumu
Not stated
Jurisdiction invoked
First appeal to the Court of Appeal from the High Court (defamation suit); no specific constitutional or statutory provision cited in the judgment.

Key timeline

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Practical implications

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Frequently asked questions

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Cite this brief

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Cite this brief

Caselaw, "Kenya Tea Development Agency Ltd v Benson Ondimu Masese T/A B. O. Masese & Co. Advocates", Case Analysis (2008). Civil Appeal (Memorandum of Appeal dated 14th April 2006, lodged at Kisumu sub-Registry on 19th April 2006). Source: https://new.kenyalaw.org/akn/ke/judgment/keca/2008/320/eng@2008-07-11

Suggested citation format for research notes or client memos. Always verify the original judgment before relying on any point.